Night-blooming Cereus

Night-Blooming Cereus

These are some Cereus pictures.

June 29, 2010July 5, 2017

Exodus 6 Remembering the Covenant QA Supplied

Remembering the Covenant

Questions and Proposed Answers Supplied

Background and Printed Text: Exodus 6:2-9

Exodus 6:2 And Elohim spoke unto Draw [Moshe]. And He said unto him, “I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was]. ³ “And I appeared unto Father-Of-A-Crowd [Avraham], unto He-Will-Laugh [Isaac] and unto He-Will-Heel [Jacob] via Mighty-[One]-My-Breasts [El Shaddai]. And my name is Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was]! Was I not known to them?

⁴ “And I also made-stand my Covenant with them to give the land of Canaan to them, the land of their sojournings that they sojourned in her.

⁵ “And also I, I hearkened-to the groaning of the children of Israel whom the Egyptians are enslaving them. And I remembered my Covenant.

⁶ “Therefore, say-thou to the children of Israel, ‘I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was]! And I will exit you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians! And I will rescue you from their slavery. And I will redeem you via a stretched out arm and via big justices! ⁷And I will take you to me to a people. And I will be to you to Gods. And ye shall know that I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was] your Gods Who exits you from under the burdens of the Egyptians! ⁸And I will bring you unto the land that I carried my hand to give her to Father-Of-A-Crowd [Avraham], to He-Will-Laugh [Isaac] and to He-Will-Heel [Jacob]. And I will give her to you, an inheritance. I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was].’”

⁹And Draw [Moshe] spoke establishment unto the children of Israel. And they didn’t hearken unto Draw [Moshe] from shortness of spirit/wind and from hard slavery.

I. Appearances (verses 2-3)

Elohim again communicated with Moshe, first identifying Himself: “I am Yehovah.” He then associated Himself with Avraham, Isaac and Jacob: “And I appeared unto Avraham, unto Isaac and unto Jacob via El Shaddai.”

Yehovah again stated, “And my name is Yehovah!” He then asked Moshe a question: “Was I not known to them?”

Questions

1. Why did Yehovah start by identifying Himself as Yehovah?

It is like His signature, but He begins with His signature instead of ending with it.
He is declaring that He will be, He is, and He was—there will never a time when He isn’t! (False gods will last for only a very short time.)
He is giving the reason for His authority to command.

2. Who is El Shaddai? He is one of the forms in which Elohim makes appearances. He is known as Mighty One, My Breasts because He is very mighty, never having any difficulty overcoming any enemies or obstacles, and yet He is like a mother toward a very young child who breastfeeds and nurtures that child.

3. What does “And I appeared unto Avraham, unto Isaac and unto Jacob via El Shaddai” mean? This means that Elohim appeared to the three men in the form of El Shaddai. He could have appeared as the Captain of Yehovah’s Hosts; He could have appeared in the form of a fire; He could have appeared as the Angel Yehovah, and He could have appeared in other ways. Instead, He chose this one form.

4. Why did Elohim find it necessary to again state, “And my name is Yehovah”? This teaches careful readers that Elohim and Yehovah are the same being. Some readers will learn that Elohim is Yeshua. Thus, Yehovah and Yeshua are truly the same! Yet, Yeshua’s roles will be different, and He will intentionally limit Himself in many ways in order to do the work that He will do.

5. Why did Elohim ask, “Was I not known to them”? He reminded His audiences that Avraham, Isaac and Jacob knew Elohim by His Name—by the Name Yehovah! This is important because of many individuals who will not believe that He desires for His Name, Yehovah, to be used. Others will claim that ‘Jesus’ and Yehovah are not the same. Those three, Avraham, Isaac and Jacob, knew El Shaddai as Yehovah, and they knew Yehovah!

II. Promised Land (verse 4)

Yehovah next spoke in the past tense as if what He described had already happened: “And I also made-stand my Covenant with them to give the land of Canaan to them, the land of their sojournings that they sojourned in her.”

Questions

1. What does making a covenant stand involve? It involves two steps: giving the covenant (that is, declaring it), and fulfilling it. No covenant stands if it is not kept.

2. What is a Covenant? It is a vow that often involves a sacrifice (and therefore a god), or if not a sacrifice, it still involves a god as the one who watches to see if the covenant is kept.

When Yehovah gave the Covenant, Yehovah vowed using Himself as the agent to guard the Covenant.

A Covenant is far more than a promise, and it is more than a vow. It always involves two (or more) persons and a god/God.

3. Who are them in, “I also made-stand my Covenant with them”? They are Avraham, Isaac and Jacob; yet, they also include one other: their seed, referring to the Messiah.

4. What does “the land of their sojournings” mean? That is the land in which they sojourned—they traveled on their journey to some destination.

5. Who is her in, “… that they sojourned in her”? She is the land.

III. Hearing and Remembering (verse 5)

Yehovah now responded to their present predicament: “And also I, I hearkened-to the groaning of the children of Israel whom the Egyptians are enslaving them. And I remembered my Covenant.”

Questions

1. Why is the pronoun, I mentioned twice in, “And also, I, I hearkened to the groaning …”? This shows that Elohim Himself truly hearkened to the groaning. He was very personally involved.

2. When Elohim heard their groaning, why didn’t He just use His power to stop the Egyptians and to make life much better for the Israelis instead of going through this whole process of taking them out of Egypt? Elohim’s desire is that those made in His image determine to do right in whatever circumstances they are, showing valiance and correct faith. If He had just stopped their problems, they would have done no thinking about life or the God of Israel. They would have just continued as pagans. (They did continue as pagans, but what they experienced will later convince Israelis to turn to Yehovah from paganism.)

Helping folks by doing for them instead of helping folks by assisting them often hurts them more than helps them. When they participate to do what is right while struggling to achieve the goal, the benefits are very great, and can be lasting for life.

3. Why were the Egyptians so mean to the Israelis? There are several reasons:

The Egyptians feared them
The Egyptians were afraid of their rapid rate of population growth
Yehovah Himself caused the Egyptians to hate the Israelis:

Psalm 105:23 Israel also came into Egypt. And Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. 24And He greatly increased His people. And He made them stronger than their enemies. 25He turned their heart to hate His people, to subtly deal with His slaves.

4. The text states that Elohim remembered His Covenant. Had He forgotten it? He had not forgotten. This remembrance will be with action: He will do something about the situation of the Israelis because of the Covenant. Whenever the Bible states that Yehovah remembered or Elohim remembered, He is about to take action.

IV. I Am, I Will, I Am (verses 6-8)

He next gave Moshe the speech to say to the Israelis: “Therefore, say-thou to the children of Israel, ‘I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was]! And I will exit you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians! And I will rescue you from their slavery. And I will redeem you via a stretched out arm and via big justices! 7And I will take you to me to a people. And I will be to you to Gods. And ye shall know that I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was] your Gods Who exits you from under the burdens of the Egyptians! 8And I will bring you unto the land that I carried my hand to give her to Father-Of-A-Crowd [Avraham], to He-Will-Laugh [Isaac] and to He-Will-Heel [Jacob]. And I will give her to you, an inheritance. I am Yehovah [He-Will-Be, He-Is, He-Was].’”

Questions

1. What was the first thing that Moshe was told to tell the children of Israel? He must tell Israel that the God speaking these things is Yehovah. That declaration includes that He will be, He is, and He was!

2. When the Bible says children of Israel, are they little children? The word children in the Bible never indicates age, and therefore it doesn’t indicate being young. The Bible might use the word youths for children who are young. Instead, the word children only indicates that they came from a particular father (Israel, in this case) by birth or by joining.

3. Yehovah said, “And I will exit you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians!” How long will that take? It will take months. Yehovah must prepare the Israelis; they wouldn’t obey if He didn’t prepare them. (They hardly obeyed as it was!)

4. What is the difference between these two statements: “I will exit you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians” and “I will rescue you from their slavery”? The difference is this: Being exited from under the burdens doesn’t mean that the Israelis are no longer slaves; it only means that their work load has been greatly lightened. Being rescued from their slavery means that Egyptians will no longer reign over the Israelis.

5. What does redeem mean? There are two kinds of redemption in the Bible:

redemption by price, meaning that someone or something has been taken from some sort of held state (like a captive) by another paying a ransom price. The person might be a captive by kidnapping, but more often the person will be a captive (slave) by some other circumstance that isn’t a kidnapping (in the Bible).
redemption by force, meaning that someone or something has been taken from some sort of held state (like a captive) by a forceful rescue operation.

6. What kind of redemption will Yehovah do in this case? A reader might think that this will be a forceful rescue, but it won’t be. Yehovah will make the Egyptians willing. Instead, this is a redemption by price.

7. If the answer to the above question is the correct answer, how will this occur? Obviously, Elohim must pay the price. That didn’t occur during this entire event. This switches readers far into the future to the time of the Tribulation. Yehovah will stretch out His arm on the world through great attacks against the bad guys, and some folks (Saints and even non-saints) will give their lives to save the Israelis. Elohim will do those big justices during this time.

Yet, there is another time when He stretched out His arm and did big justices; that was when He was crucified. His being the sacrifice for sin and for redemption was an act of big justices! He provided Salvation and redemption for all so that those who will grasp them will obtain their benefits.

8. What will be the result of this redemption via a stretched out arm and via big justices? The result will be that Elohim will take the Israelis to Himself; they will be His people.

9. What is a people in the Bible? A people is a group of individuals who have a common culture, and therefore interact well with each other. A people is one group; peoples are more than one group.

10. What does “I will be to you to Gods” mean? Elohim/Yehovah will be all the Gods of the Israelis! They will claim Him as their Gods, and He will openly demonstrate Himself as their Gods! Thus, He will do miracles and demonstrate great power.

11. Elohim said, “And ye shall know that I am Yehovah your Gods Who exits you from under the burdens of the Egyptians.” Did this occur in Moshe’s day? No! This awaits another event that is very similar, but will occur thousands of years from now! The Israelis under Moshe never figured that Yehovah exited them; they thought that Moshe and Aharon did!

12. Which land is in mind in, “I will bring you unto the land”? That is the land that was formerly called Canaan, but will become known as the Land of Israel.

13. Yehovah said that He carried His hand. What does that mean? Yehovah’s hand can refer to the Messiah, and it always refers to His power. He directs with His speech or with His hand (and sometimes with both). When He shows His power, He uses His hand. (This is how a very young child sees the hand of adults.)

14. Who is her in, “I carried my hand to give her to Avraham …”? She is the Land (of Canaan/Israel).

15. The Israelis will later have to fight their way into the land of Canaan. Elohim states here, “I will give her to you, an inheritance.” Why would anyone have to fight for an inheritance? No one in the Bible has to fight for an inheritance. The timing in which this will occur is much later in history, and far into the future from our time. When the Israelis went into the land of Canaan, they did have to fight! Later, when Elohim gives the Land of Israel to the Israelis as an inheritance, they won’t fight for it; Yehovah will fight for them!

16. This paragraph ends with, “I am Yehovah.” Why does He say this again? The Israelis don’t know that He is Yehovah. Only when they truly know that He is Yehovah will they have faith in Him!

V. Shortness of Spirit (verse 9)

Moshe spoke with certainty to the Israelis: he spoke establishment unto them. They didn’t hearken to him; they were out of breath, and were being worked far too hard to hear him.

Questions

1. What does “Moshe spoke establishment unto the children of Israel” mean? What Moshe spoke was exactly what Yehovah told him to speak.

Once the Israelis will hearken to him, they will be established!

Whatever is established is firmly placed. If it isn’t established, one cannot be certain that it will stay where it is put or that it will do what it is supposed to do.

2. What does hearken mean? It means to listen and to obey—to do and to believe what was said.

3. Why didn’t the Israelis hearken unto Moshe? They were too out of breath from the difficulty of their slavery. They heard Moshe saying words, but they saw things only getting worse!

June 29, 2010July 5, 2017

Exodus 6 Remembering the Covenant

Remembering the Covenant

Background and Printed Text: Exodus 6:2-9

⁴ “And I also made-stand my Covenant with them to give the land of Canaan to them, the land of their sojournings that they sojourned in her.

⁵ “And also I, I hearkened-to the groaning of the children of Israel whom the Egyptians are enslaving them. And I remembered my Covenant.

⁹And Draw [Moshe] spoke establishment unto the children of Israel. And they didn’t hearken unto Draw [Moshe] from shortness of spirit/wind and from hard slavery.

I. Appearances (verses 2-3)

Yehovah again stated, “And my name is Yehovah!” He then asked Moshe a question: “Was I not known to them?”

Questions

1. Why did Yehovah start by identifying Himself as Yehovah?

2. Who is El Shaddai?

3. What does “And I appeared unto Avraham, unto Isaac and unto Jacob via El Shaddai” mean?

4. Why did Elohim find it necessary to again state, “And my name is Yehovah”?

5. Why did Elohim ask, “Was I not known to them”?

II. Promised Land (verse 4)

Questions

1. What does making a covenant stand involve?

2. What is a Covenant?

3. Who are them in, “I also made-stand my Covenant with them”?

4. What does “the land of their sojournings” mean?

5. Who is her in, “… that they sojourned in her”?

III. Hearing and Remembering (verse 5)

Yehovah now responded to their present predicament: “And also I, I hearkened-to the groaning of the children of Israel whom the Egyptians are enslaving them. And I remembered my Covenant.”

Questions

1. Why is the pronoun, I mentioned twice in, “And also, I, I hearkened to the groaning …”?

3. Why were the Egyptians so mean to the Israelis?

4. The text states that Elohim remembered His Covenant. Had He forgotten it?

IV. I Am, I Will, I Am (verses 6-8)

Questions

1. What was the first thing that Moshe was told to tell the children of Israel?

2. When the Bible says children of Israel, are they little children?

3. Yehovah said, “And I will exit you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians!” How long will that take?

4. What is the difference between these two statements: “I will exit you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians” and “I will rescue you from their slavery”?

5. What does redeem mean?

6. What kind of redemption will Yehovah do in this case?

7. If the answer to the above question is the correct answer, how will this occur?

8. What will be the result of this redemption via a stretched out arm and via big justices?

9. What is a people in the Bible?

10. What does “I will be to you to Gods” mean?

11. Elohim said, “And ye shall know that I am Yehovah your Gods Who exits you from under the burdens of the Egyptians.” Did this occur in Moshe’s day?

12. Which land is in mind in, “I will bring you unto the land”?

13. Yehovah said that He carried His hand. What does that mean?

14. Who is her in, “I carried my hand to give her to Avraham …”?

15. The Israelis will later have to fight their way into the land of Canaan. Elohim states here, “I will give her to you, an inheritance.” Why would anyone have to fight for an inheritance?

16. This paragraph ends with, “I am Yehovah.” Why does He say this again?

V. Shortness of Spirit (verse 9)

Moshe spoke with certainty to the Israelis: he spoke establishment unto them. They didn’t hearken to him; they were out of breath, and were being worked far too hard to hear him.

Questions

1. What does “Moshe spoke establishment unto the children of Israel” mean?

2. What does hearken mean?

3. Why didn’t the Israelis hearken unto Moshe?

June 9, 2010July 5, 2017

Exodus 5 Brickmaking Without Straw

Brickmaking without Straw

Background and Printed Text: Exodus 5:1-6:1

Exodus 5:1 And afterward Draw [Moshe] and Oy!-Conception! [Aharon] Came. And they said unto Pharaoh, “So said Yehovah Gods of Israel, ‘Send my people. And they solemnized to me in the desert.’” ²And Pharaoh said, “Who is Yehovah whom I will hearken via his voice to send Israel? I didn’t know Yehovah. And I will also not send Israel.” ³And they said, “Gods of the Crossers [Hebrews] was called upon us. We will walk, na, a way of three days into the desert. And we sacrificed to Yehovah our Gods lest He suddenly-meet us via pestilence or via the sword.” ⁴And the king of Double-Adversity [Egypt] said unto them, “Why, Draw [Moshe] and Oy!-Conception! [Aharon], do ye unbridle the people from his works? Walk-ye to your burdens!”

⁵And Pharaoh said, “Behold, the people of the land now are many. And ye cease them from their burdens.” ⁶And Pharaoh commanded the rigour-masters and his officers into the people that day to say, ⁷ “Ye shall not gather to give straw to the people to brick-make the brick as yesterday, three-days-ago! They shall walk. And they shall stubble-gather to them! ⁸And ye shall put upon them the allotment of the bricks that they are making yesterday three-days-ago. Ye shall not diminish from him. For they are idle. Therefore they are screaming to say, ‘We will walk! We will sacrifice to our Gods!’ ⁹The slavery shall be heavy upon the men! And they did via her! And they shall not do via speeches of a lie!” ¹⁰And the taskmasters of the people exited, and his officers.

And they said unto the people to say, “So said Pharaoh, ‘I am not giving straw to you. ¹¹Ye– Walk ye! Take straw to you from wherever ye shall find! For there is no slacking from your slavery to speak!’” ¹²And the people were scattered in all the land of Double-Adversity [Egypt] to stubble-gather stubble to straw.

¹³And the rigour-masters are hastening to say, “Finish your works, a speech of a day in his day just-as via [there] being the straw!” ¹⁴And they smote the officers of the children of Israel whom Pharaoh’s rigour-masters put over them to say, “Why didn’t ye finish your statute to brick-make as yesterday three-days-ago, also yesterday, also today?”

¹⁵And the officers of the children of Israel came. And they screamed unto Pharaoh to say, “Why wilt thou do so to thy slaves? ¹⁶No straw was given to thy slaves! And bricks– they say to us, make! And, behold, they are smiting thy slaves! And the sin is of thy people!” ¹⁷And he said, “Idle! Ye are idle! Therefore ye are saying, ‘We will walk! We will sacrifice to Yehovah!’ ¹⁸And now, walk ye! Slave ye! And straw will not be given to you! And ye shall give the establishment of bricks!”

¹⁹And the officers of the children of Israel saw them via bad to say, “Ye shall not slack from your bricks, a speech of a day in his day!” ²⁰And they-suddenly met Draw [Moshe] and Oy!-Conception! [Aharon] positioning to meet them when via their exiting from with Pharaoh. ²¹And they said unto them, “Yehovah shall see concerning you! And He judged that ye made- our smell -stink in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his slaves to give a sword via their hand to slay us!”

²²And Draw [Moshe] returned unto Yehovah. And he said, “My Lords! For what hast Thou bad-caused to this people? This is for what Thou hast sent me? ²³And the bad is to this people from then [that] I came unto Pharaoh to speak via Thy name! And delivering, Thou hast not delivered Thy people!” 6:1And Yehovah said unto Draw [Moshe], “Now thou wilt see what I will do to Pharaoh! For he shall send them via a grasping hand! And he will drive them from his land via a grasping hand!”

I. Respectfully Commanding Pharaoh (verses 1-4)

Moshe and Aharon came to Pharaoh. They told him, “So said Yehovah Gods of Israel, ‘Send my people. And they solemnized to me in the desert.’” Pharaoh responded to them: “Who is Yehovah whom I will hearken via his voice to send Israel? I didn’t know Yehovah. And I will also not send Israel.”

Moshe and Aharon next identified their deity: Gods of the Crossers (Gods of the Hebrews). They told Pharaoh that He was called upon the Hebrews.

Moshe and Aharon continued, “We will walk, na, a way of three days into the desert. And we sacrificed to Yehovah our Gods lest He suddenly-meet us via pestilence or via the sword.”’

The king of Egypt asked them a question: “Why, Moshe and Aharon, do ye unbridle the people from his works?”

He then commanded them to walk to their burdens!

Questions

1. The text states, “And afterward Moshe and Aharon came.” After what did they come?

2. How did they manage to get to see Pharaoh?

3. Both Moshe and Aharon said, “So said Yehovah Gods of Israel, ‘Send my people. And they solemnized to me in the desert.’” Did Yehovah really say exactly that?

4. What were Moshe and Aharon commanding to Pharaoh when they said that Yehovah said, “Send my people”?

5. Was this a reasonable command?

6. What does “And they solemnized to me in the desert” mean?

7. Didn’t Pharaoh know who Yehovah was (verse 2)?

8. Was Pharaoh’s question, “Who is Yehovah whom I will hearken via his voice to send Israel,” a good question?

9. Pharaoh next stated, “I didn’t know Yehovah. And I will also not send Israel.” Was this response reasonable?

10. What did Aharon and Moshe mean by ““Gods of the Hebrews was called upon us”?

11. What does “We will walk, na, a way of three days into the desert” mean?

12. Explain “And we sacrificed to Yehovah our Gods lest He suddenly-meet us via pestilence or via the sword:”

13. Moshe and Aharon described Yehovah as being ready to attack the Israelis if they don’t comply. Is this a right picture of Yehovah’s character?

14. Pharaoh asked this question: “Why, Moshe and Aharon, do ye unbridle the people from his works?” What is wrong with a question like this?

15. What did he mean by, “Walk ye to your burdens”?

II. Increased Work (verses 5-10)

Pharaoh wasn’t finished. He continued, “Behold, the people of the land now are many. And ye cease them from their burdens.” That bothered Pharaoh quite a bit. He commanded the rigour-masters and his officers to go into the people of Israel that day and to say to them, “Ye shall not gather to give straw to the people to brick-make the brick as yesterday, three-days-ago!” He changed the way of life to make it much harder.

“They shall walk. And they shall stubble-gather to them!” They had to do their own gathering as well as making the bricks.

“And ye shall put upon them the allotment of the bricks that they are making yesterday three-days-ago.” They had to deliver the very same amounts of bricks as before.

“Ye shall not diminish from him. For they are idle. Therefore they are screaming to say, ‘We will walk! We will sacrifice to our Gods!’”

Pharaoh then commanded, “The slavery shall be heavy upon the men! And they did via her! And they shall not do via speeches of a lie!”

At this point, the taskmasters of the people and Pharaoh’s officers exited to do Pharaoh’s commands.

Questions

1. Who are the people of the land, and what does this expression mean?

2. What does “Pharaoh commanded the rigour-masters and his officers into the people” mean?

3. What does gather mean in, “Ye shall not gather to give straw”?

4. What does yesterday, three-days-ago mean?

5. The text says, “They shall walk.” Where and why shall they walk?

6. What does stubble-gather mean?

7. What is an allotment?

8. Pharaoh said, “Ye shall not diminish from him.” Who is him?

9. What gave Pharaoh the impression that the Israelis were idle?

10. What does “The slavery shall be heavy upon the men” mean?

11. What does “And they did via her” mean, and who is her?

12. Explain, “And they shall not do via speeches of a lie:”

13. Where did the taskmasters and officers go once they exited?

III. The Terrible Announcement (verses 10-12)

The taskmasters and officers communicated Pharaoh’s orders to the Israelis: “So said Pharaoh, ‘I am not giving straw to you. Ye– Walk ye! Take straw to you from wherever ye shall find! For there is no slacking from your slavery to speak!’” The Israelis were then scattered throughout all Egypt to gather stubble to use for straw.

Questions

1. Who are they who said unto the people what Pharaoh told them?

2. Pharaoh said, “I am not giving straw to you.” Was he giving straw before?

3. Where were the Israelis supposed to find straw, now?

4. How long would obtaining this straw take?

5. What was Pharaoh communicating when he said, “For there is no slacking from your slavery to speak”?

6. What is involved in gathering stubble?

IV. Israelis against Israelis (verses 13-14)

The rigour-masters were responsible to make certain that the Israelis produced just as many bricks as before: “Finish your works, a speech of a day in his day just-as via [there] being the straw!”

The rigour-masters smote the officers of the children of Israel. The rigour-masters had put those officers over the Israelis. As they beat them, they asked, “Why didn’t ye finish your statute to brick-make as yesterday three-days-ago, also yesterday, also today?”

Questions

1. What does “a speech of a day in his day” mean?

2. What does “just as their being the straw” mean?

3. The text states, “And they smote the officers of the children of Israel whom Pharaoh’s rigour-masters put over them.” Who smote the officers, and what does this mean?

4. What does “Why didn’t ye finish your statute” mean?

5. How many days were they behind in verse 14?

V. Confronting Pharaoh (verses 15-18)

The officers of the children of Israel came directly to Pharaoh, and they screamed to him: “Why wilt thou do so to thy slaves? No straw was given to thy slaves! And bricks– they say to us, make! And, behold, they are smiting thy slaves! And the sin is of thy people!”

Pharaoh’s response was brief: “Idle! Ye are idle! Therefore ye are saying, ‘We will walk! We will sacrifice to Yehovah!’ And now, walk ye! Slave ye! And straw will not be given to you! And ye shall give the establishment of bricks!”

Questions

1. Did the officers have direct access to Pharaoh?

2. What did the officers mean by “the sin is of thy people”?

3. Pharaoh responded, “Idle! Ye are idle!” What was Pharaoh not doing?

4. What was his proof (in his mind) that the Israelis were idle?

5. What type of response did Pharaoh portray by saying, “And now, walk ye! Slave ye! And straw will not be given to you”?

6. What does “the establishment of bricks” mean?

VI. Anger against Moshe and Aaron (verses 19-21)

The officers of the children of Israel saw Moshe and Aharon as bad when they heard Pharaoh say, “Ye shall not slack from your bricks, a speech of a day in his day!” They suddenly met Moshe and Aharon who set themselves to meet them at the time they exited from Pharaoh. They said to Moshe and Aharon, “Yehovah shall see concerning you! And He judged that ye made- our smell -stink in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his slaves to give a sword via their hand to slay us!”

Questions

1. Who are them in, “the officers of the children of Israel saw them via bad”?

2. How and why did they suddenly meet Moshe and Aharon?

3. What did the officers mean by, “Yehovah shall see concerning you”?

4. The officers said that Moshe and Aharon made their smell stink in the eyes of Pharaoh and Pharaoh’s slaves. What does this mean?

5. Explain “…to give a sword via their hand to slay us:”

VII. Moshe and Yehovah Discuss (verse 22-23, Exodus 6:1)

Moshe returned to Yehovah. He set the blame at Yehovah’s feet: “My Lords! For what hast Thou bad-caused to this people? This is for what Thou hast sent me?” This made no sense.

“And the bad is to this people from then [that] I came unto Pharaoh to speak via thy name! And delivering, Thou hast not delivered Thy people!” Moshe was angry!

Yehovah responded to Moshe, “Now thou wilt see what I will do to Pharaoh! For he shall send them via a grasping hand! And he will drive them from his land via a grasping hand!”

Questions

1. How did Moshe feel toward Yehovah after he heard from the officers?

2. What does “For what hast Thou bad-caused to this people” mean?

3. Moshe then asked, “This is for what Thou hast sent me?” What was he expressing?

4. Moshe continued, “And the bad is to this people from then [that] I came unto Pharaoh to speak via thy name!” Word this in more modern English:

5. What had Moshe expected to occur?

6. What did Moshe mean by, “And delivering, Thou hast not delivered Thy people”?

7. Was Yehovah angry at Moshe for being so blunt with Yehovah, and for basically accusing Him of making a mess?

8. What was Yehovah expressing when He told Moshe, “Now thou wilt see what I will do to Pharaoh”?

9. What does “For he shall send them via a grasping hand” mean?

10. What does “And he will drive them from his land via a grasping hand” mean?

11. Some teach that asking Yehovah a ‘why’ question is not right. Is this true?

June 9, 2010July 5, 2017

Exodus 5 Brickmaking Without Straw QA Supplied

Brickmaking without Straw

Questions and Proposed Answers Supplied

Background and Printed Text: Exodus 5:1-6:1

I. Respectfully Commanding Pharaoh (verses 1-4)

Moshe and Aharon next identified their deity: Gods of the Crossers (Gods of the Hebrews). They told Pharaoh that He was called upon the Hebrews.

Moshe and Aharon continued, “We will walk, na, a way of three days into the desert. And we sacrificed to Yehovah our Gods lest He suddenly-meet us via pestilence or via the sword.”’

The king of Egypt asked them a question: “Why, Moshe and Aharon, do ye unbridle the people from his works?”

He then commanded them to walk to their burdens!

Questions

1. The text states, “And afterward Moshe and Aharon came.” After what did they come? They came after doing the miraculous signs in front of the Israeli leaders.

2. How did they manage to get to see Pharaoh? The text doesn’t say. Yehovah certainly made sure that this occurred.

3. Both Moshe and Aharon said, “So said Yehovah Gods of Israel, ‘Send my people. And they solemnized to me in the desert.’” Did Yehovah really say exactly that? Yes, He did. Moshe is a prophet; a Biblically true prophet is able to exactly quote Yehovah every time. That is what he did. Aharon is a prophet to Moshe as if Moshe is a god; thus, Aharon will also speak exactly the words of Yehovah.

4. What were Moshe and Aharon commanding to Pharaoh when they said that Yehovah said, “Send my people”? They were commanding Pharaoh to send the entire slave population (consisting of millions of individuals) from the land of Egypt.

5. Was this a reasonable command? It certainly wasn’t reasonable to Pharaoh and his government officials. It was perfectly reasonable to Yehovah, and He determined to make it reasonable to Pharaoh! He will do the very same thing later in earth’s history!

6. What does “And they solemnized to me in the desert” mean? To solemnize means to cause an event to be very serious and important. The event might be very enjoyable, but it will still be a very serious event. This is how some holidays are established in the first place.

The Israelis must do this event in the desert, and not in Egypt.

7. Didn’t Pharaoh know who Yehovah was (verse 2)? No, he didn’t. He had enough deities of his own, and he was supposedly a god; he hadn’t learned about Yehovah.

8. Was Pharaoh’s question, “Who is Yehovah whom I will hearken via his voice to send Israel,” a good question? Yes, it is a very good question. Pharaoh desired to know what credentials and powers Yehovah has before he hearkens to His voice.

9. Pharaoh next stated, “I didn’t know Yehovah. And I will also not send Israel.” Was this response reasonable? His admission that he didn’t know Yehovah was reasonable. His stating, “And I will also not send Israel” shows that he assumed that Yehovah was nothing.

10. What did Aharon and Moshe mean by ““Gods of the Hebrews was called upon us”? To be called upon in this way is to suddenly meet with someone, but it also means to be named. The Gods of the Hebrews (as one God) was called upon the Israelis; His Names and identifications were associated with the Israelis. Thus, whenever anyone considers this God, that person also considers the Israelis.

11. What does “We will walk, na, a way of three days into the desert” mean? The Hebrew word na shows that this is being said with respect, and not as a harsh demand. Moshe and Aharon are telling Pharaoh that the Israelis and they will walk for three days out of Egypt and into the desert.

12. Explain “And we sacrificed to Yehovah our Gods lest He suddenly-meet us via pestilence or via the sword:” The word sacrificed is in the past tense because that will be done once they go three days into the desert. The Israelis will sacrifice to Yehovah their Gods. They have to do this lest Yehovah will suddenly meet them by means of a disease outbreak (pestilence) or with a slaughter (by means of a sword).

13. Moshe and Aharon described Yehovah as being ready to attack the Israelis if they don’t comply. Is this a right picture of Yehovah’s character? If they go three days into the desert with sacrifices, and if they don’t sacrifice to Yehovah (like if they sacrifice to some other god or gods), it perfectly describes Yehovah! Moshe and Aharon purposely described Yehovah in a very threatening way. He will be very threatening to Pharaoh!

14. Pharaoh asked this question: “Why, Moshe and Aharon, do ye unbridle the people from his works?” What is wrong with a question like this? Some questions assume that things are true, and they are not true. It is like asking a man who was always kind to his wife, “Have you stopped beating your wife?” If he answers, “Yes,” he is admitting that he used to beat her, and he never did. If he answers, “No,” his is admitting that he is still beating her, and he isn’t.

Pharaoh’s question assumed that they both ‘unbridled’—that is, released them (like one would an animal from pulling a plow) the people from having to do their various works. Moshe and Aharon had not done anything like that.

15. What did he mean by, “Walk ye to your burdens”? This was the way to say, “Go back to work!” Pharaoh didn’t even realize that Moshe wasn’t one of the slaves.

II. Increased Work (verses 5-10)

“They shall walk. And they shall stubble-gather to them!” They had to do their own gathering as well as making the bricks.

“And ye shall put upon them the allotment of the bricks that they are making yesterday three-days-ago.” They had to deliver the very same amounts of bricks as before.

“Ye shall not diminish from him. For they are idle. Therefore they are screaming to say, ‘We will walk! We will sacrifice to our Gods!’”

Pharaoh then commanded, “The slavery shall be heavy upon the men! And they did via her! And they shall not do via speeches of a lie!”

At this point, the taskmasters of the people and Pharaoh’s officers exited to do Pharaoh’s commands.

Questions

1. Who are the people of the land, and what does this expression mean? The people of the land consists of farmers, ranchers and cattlemen/shepherds—folks whose work is with land and who depend on the land in a very direct way. The expression implies low class, since those who are middle and upper class have slaves do the work that handles the land and the soil. (Yehovah doesn’t see this the same way; all the peoples of the land are doing what humans were designed to do: to serve the soil. Their lives are often harder, and they must do much physical work, but they sometimes live much longer, and they tend to sin less than folks who live in luxury and have much time on their hands.

2. What does “Pharaoh commanded the rigour-masters and his officers into the people” mean? A rigour-master is a person who is very demanding. The word rigour means severity, harshness, and constantly very high accuracy and precision. These masters treated the Israelis very cruelly if the Israelis didn’t do exactly what they were told to do.

Commanding these masters into the people means that Pharaoh demanded that they become much stricter, much more demanding and much harsher on the people to get them to do what Pharaoh demanded. Thus, these rigour-masters had to go in among the Israelis far more often, beating them, threatening them, making cruel examples of them, etc. until they did the work demanded.

3. What does gather mean in, “Ye shall not gather to give straw”? Gathering in Hebrew includes making preparations; it also includes beginning to do something. Pharaoh told these rigour-masters that they were to do nothing that helped the Israelis obtain straw for the brick; the Israelis had to gather their own without help.

4. What does yesterday, three-days-ago mean? Yesterday means what has been done in recent times. Three days ago means what used to be done before recent times. Together, they indicate what was historically done. Thus, “Ye shall not gather to give straw to the people to brick-make the brick as yesterday, three-days-ago” means, “Ye shall not even begin to supply any straw to the people to make bricks as ye used to do.”

5. The text says, “They shall walk.” Where and why shall they walk? The Hebrews/Israelis shall walk over the land of Egypt to gather their own stubble for straw.

6. What does stubble-gather mean? It means to gather what is left over in fields after the fields have been harvested. Stubble consists of left-over dead stalks of grains, dry leaves, and other plant parts that are not useful to the farmers who grew the crops. This stubble when mixed with mud and baked forms good bricks. Those bricks are not bothered by rain; they don’t soften in rain. They act like rocks. (Bring a brick to class to see how hard it is; it was originally made of clay mud!) Stubble mixed with mud makes very strong bricks. (This is strange because mud is very weak, and stubble is very weak.)

7. What is an allotment? It is the assigned amount, and it is the portion that must be produced. For example, if ten students must make twenty drawings, each student has an allotment of two drawings.

8. Pharaoh said, “Ye shall not diminish from him.” Who is him? He is the allotment of the people of Israel that they must produce.

9. What gave Pharaoh the impression that the Israelis were idle? Pharaoh thought that Moshe and Aharon, as representatives of all the Israelis, were screaming and saying, “We will walk! We will sacrifice to our Gods!” showing that they felt they could still get their work done and go three days out to sacrifice to their Gods.

10. What does “The slavery shall be heavy upon the men” mean? It means that the amount of work and demands will be greatly increased so that they won’t have time to waste.

11. What does “And they did via her” mean, and who is her? Her is the slavery (a feminine word). They, the Hebrews, did their labour by means of the slavery (that will be very heavy). Thus, the Israelis must be beaten much more, and they must be forced to work much harder.

12. Explain, “And they shall not do via speeches of a lie:” This means that the Hebrews shall not do their labour by giving speeches that are filled with a lie; they must do their labour by working and not by saying lies.

13. Where did the taskmasters and officers go once they exited? They went to force the Israelis to do what Pharaoh said and to beat the Israelis into working much harder.

III. The Terrible Announcement (verses 10-12)

Questions

1. Who are they who said unto the people what Pharaoh told them? They are the taskmasters—that is, the rigour-masters.

2. Pharaoh said, “I am not giving straw to you.” Was he giving straw before? He wasn’t giving straw, but he represented Egypt. Egypt was giving straw to the Israeli slaves to make bricks. Now, Egypt no longer provided the straw and the stubble.

3. Where were the Israelis supposed to find straw, now? They had to forage for straw in all the fields of Egypt!

4. How long would obtaining this straw take? It would take all day! They would have no time for making bricks! Pharaoh commanded them to do what couldn’t be done.

5. What was Pharaoh communicating when he said, “For there is no slacking from your slavery to speak”? Pharaoh never wanted to hear from the Israelis again about traveling, sacrificing, and other similar things! He determined that they would be too busy to say a word!

6. What is involved in gathering stubble? It involves hand-harvesting dried or partially dried stalks, many which are flat on the ground. Thus, it included doing much stooping, some crawling, much carrying, and very hard labour. The Israelis also had to walk very great distances to find the next fields from which to gather stubble. The following is a picture of field stubble from www.xlseedtreatment.com/plantresidue.html:

IV. Israelis against Israelis (verses 13-14)

Questions

1. What does “a speech of a day in his day” mean? The speech of a day is what is said in a day and what is done in a day. Every day ‘speaks’ what occurs in it.

The rigour-masters told the Hebrews how much work to do on a daily basis. Telling them is also the speech of the day. Each day had its own speech, though I suspect that all seven days seemed much the same to the Israeli slaves.

2. What does “just as their being the straw” mean? There was no change now that straw wasn’t provided; the Hebrews had to produce just as many bricks as they did before when there was the provided straw.

3. The text states, “And they smote the officers of the children of Israel whom Pharaoh’s rigour-masters put over them.” Who smote the officers, and what does this mean? The rigour-masters were Egyptian. The officers were Israelis. The rigour-masters chose Israelis to be officers over the Israelis. Instead of smiting (hitting very hard and beating) the Israelis directly, the rigour-masters struck and beat up the Israeli officers if the officers didn’t successfully force the Israelis to produce the normal number of bricks. This way, the rigour-masters were not in as much danger; they would ‘pick on’ the officers, and the officers in turn mistreated their own brethren, the Israelis, to avoid being beaten themselves!

4. What does “Why didn’t ye finish your statute” mean? The statute is the ruling of how many bricks must be produced. Every group had its tally, its ‘statute’—the number of bricks to make. The Israelis didn’t make enough bricks. The rigour-masters are asking the Israeli officers why they, the officers, didn’t finish what was required of them.

5. How many days were they behind in verse 14? They were four days behind: today, yesterday, and even yesterday three-days-ago. They didn’t mention two days ago.

V. Confronting Pharaoh (verses 15-18)

Questions

1. Did the officers have direct access to Pharaoh? Yes. They made their complaints straight in front of Pharaoh.

2. What did the officers mean by “the sin is of thy people”? The word sin is used in the Bible in a different way than it is used by most folks who speak of the Bible. A sin can be an offense—a violation of man-made rules. It doesn’t have to be a wrong before Yehovah (or before other gods). In this case, Pharaoh was angry at the Israelis for not making the full number of bricks. The officers of the Israelis responded that the ‘sin’ that caused the brick numbers to be so low was caused by the Egyptians.

3. Pharaoh responded, “Idle! Ye are idle!” What was Pharaoh not doing? Pharaoh wasn’t listening. This will be his behaviour throughout these chapters. He was accusing the Israelis of being idle.

4. What was his proof (in his mind) that the Israelis were idle? He figured that all the Israelis were saying, “We will walk! We will sacrifice to Yehovah!” He was angry, and therefore he saw all Israelis as having the same view and request as Moshe and Aharon.

5. What type of response did Pharaoh portray by saying, “And now, walk ye! Slave ye! And straw will not be given to you”? This showed contempt. He had no care and no thought as he said, “Walk ye! Slave ye!” His own comfort was not touched. The Israelis were like cattle, to him.

6. What does “the establishment of bricks” mean? It means the amount established in previous commands.

VI. Anger against Moshe and Aaron (verses 19-21)

Questions

1. Who are them in, “the officers of the children of Israel saw them via bad”? They are Moshe and Aharon. Those two made their lives totally miserable! The expression, via bad, means in a bad way!

2. How and why did they suddenly meet Moshe and Aharon? Moshe and Aharon had positioned themselves to meet with the officers after their meeting with Pharaoh. Moshe and Aharon wanted to know how the meeting went, and the officers wanted to tell Moshe and Aharon just how bad those two had made their lives.

3. What did the officers mean by, “Yehovah shall see concerning you”? That was a nice way of saying, “Yehovah will see about you”—a statement close to a curse.

4. The officers said that Moshe and Aharon made their smell stink in the eyes of Pharaoh and Pharaoh’s slaves. What does this mean? In this picture and wording, everyone has a ‘smell.’ Some folks ‘smell good’—that is, others like them. Some folks ‘stink’—that is, others strongly don’t like them, and don’t like being around them. In this case, according to the officers, Moshe and Aharon made the officers stink—but not in the nose of Pharaoh, but instead in the eyes of Pharaoh and his slaves, meaning that Pharaoh and his personal slaves no longer desired to see the officers.

5. Explain “…to give a sword via their hand to slay us:” The officers accused Moshe and Aharon of so greatly turning Pharaoh and his personal slaves against them, that it was as if Moshe and Aharon had put a sword in their hand so that they would kill the officers. Thus, Moshe and Aharon made Pharaoh and his slaves hate the officers of Israel.

VII. Moshe and Yehovah Discuss (verse 22-23, Exodus 6:1)

Moshe returned to Yehovah. He set the blame at Yehovah’s feet: “My Lords! For what hast Thou bad-caused to this people? This is for what Thou hast sent me?” This made no sense.

“And the bad is to this people from then [that] I came unto Pharaoh to speak via thy name! And delivering, Thou hast not delivered Thy people!” Moshe was angry!

Yehovah responded to Moshe, “Now thou wilt see what I will do to Pharaoh! For he shall send them via a grasping hand! And he will drive them from his land via a grasping hand!”

Questions

1. How did Moshe feel toward Yehovah after he heard from the officers? Moshe was quite angry at Yehovah. Yehovah had made things worse for the Israelis.

2. What does “For what hast Thou bad-caused to this people” mean? It means, “For what reason hast Thou caused trouble for this people”? Moshe was quite angry!

3. Moshe then asked, “This is for what Thou hast sent me?” What was he expressing? Moshe is expressing outrage! Why did Yehovah waste both of their times with this mission?

4. Moshe continued, “And the bad is to this people from then [that] I came unto Pharaoh to speak via thy name!” Word this in more modern English: The wording might be like this: “And the trouble began for this people from the time that I came unto Pharaoh to speak using Thy name!”

5. What had Moshe expected to occur? Moshe thought that Yehovah would immediately begin to diminish the slavery load on the Israelis!

6. What did Moshe mean by, “And delivering, Thou hast not delivered Thy people”? Doubling the verb (the verb is deliver in this case) greatly intensifies and strengthens the statement. It is like saying, “Thou certainly didn’t deliver Thy people!”

7. Was Yehovah angry at Moshe for being so blunt with Yehovah, and for basically accusing Him of making a mess? No, Yehovah was not angry. Moshe had done nothing wrong. He expressed the way he saw things, and he showed Yehovah respect in the process.

8. What was Yehovah expressing when He told Moshe, “Now thou wilt see what I will do to Pharaoh”? Yehovah is in charge. He is over Pharaoh; He is sovereign (meaning that He is able to do exactly what He desires to do, and He can and will overrule Pharaoh whenever He desires to do so). He is going to do things to Pharaoh.

9. What does “For he shall send them via a grasping hand” mean? This means that Pharaoh will send the Israelis, and he will send them by means of a grasping hand—his own hand! He will basically throw them out of Egypt!

10. What does “And he will drive them from his land via a grasping hand” mean? This means that he will force the Israelis out of Egypt as if he is grabbing the hand of all Israel to tow Israel out!

11. Some teach that asking Yehovah a ‘why’ question is not right. Is this true? No, it isn’t! Asking a ‘why’ question is fine. One will usually have to wait to obtain the answer, however.

June 7, 2010August 24, 2016

Crucifixion Texts Sorted and Reconciled

Crucifixion Texts

Sorted and Reconciled

Preface

I have taken several liberties in order to reconcile the four accounts of the crucifixion. Where sentences said the very same thing, I used only one. Where wording differed a little, I used both. Where resorting was necessary, I proposed a sorting. I used Yeshua instead of Jesus, and changed a few names to reflect the Hebrew (since folks used Hebrew and its derivative rather than Greek when conversing with each other). I also put the times in bold, since this document’s primary purpose was to solve the mystery of the times of the events during the crucifixion.

I did this reconciliation using a table with five columns, the first column being for my section headings and the other four being for Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

I am aware that the term Jews is used in a different way in these books (since nearly all the characters are Jews), often referring to a sect known as the Yehudeem, but which can only be translated as the Jews. This sect had righteous folks like Nicodemus and violent folks who were leaders in the plots against Yeshua. I trust that you, the reader, will have enough sense to know the difference as you read. The majority of Jews knew nothing of these events until they were done, and the same majority had a strong appreciation for Yeshua, though they didn’t consider Him deity, a king or the Messiah. They liked the miracles that He did, and how He spoke out against some leaders who were openly attempting to stop Him through any means including violence. Most leaders of Israel were not in this category. Only a few of the Israelis at that time strongly believed Yeshua to be the Messiah. Many including John the Baptist hoped He would set up His kingdom, and were severely disappointed that He didn’t. Fewer yet had any belief that He was deity. Yeshua’s ministry and teachings gave hope to Israel during a very troubling time of Roman occupation.

I had to do this reconciliation in order to solve the mystery of the times of day. The one that specifically stood out was the one in Mark:

Mark 15:24 And when they had crucified Him, they parted His garments, casting lots upon them—what every man should take. 25And it was the third hour. And they crucified Him.

This seemed to have Him crucified at 9:00 a.m., while the other texts had Pilate still judging Him at noon. I propose that verse 25’s “And it was the third hour” actually refers back to verse 16 when the soldiers led Yeshua into the hall to mock and cloth him with purple. The following verses (16-24) seem to be an account of what specifically the soldiers did to Yeshua from the time He was led away until after the crucifixion. Yeshua was delivered to the soldiers to be crucified in verse 15. The second half of verse 25 said, “And they crucified Him.” They did many things to Him before the actual crucifixion. Is it possible that verses 16-24 are a window into all that the soldiers did before, during and after the crucifixion? I have seen where additional information appears when texts on the very same topic are sewn together. Saul’s meeting with Yeshua on the road to Damascus has three versions in Acts. When they are sewn together, the reader can see what could not be seen before: that Yeshua made sure that Saul’s fellow travelers could not hear Him at first during which time He described what Saul would do for Him. Yeshua then makes sure that they can hear His instructions about where Saul needs to go/be taken. Had his compatriots heard what Yeshua had in mind for him, they would have sought to kill him. But hearing only where they needed to take him, they delivered him after hearing the voice of God or an angel, and they had no ethical or moral dilemma.

I do not offer this as proof to you regarding the resolution of this apparent conflict, but only state that I was quite satisfied. I do hope that the flow and details of these events in this document will be of some benefit to you. Please feel free to copy this (and any other useful work on this website), and use it in any way you desire.

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Delivery to Pontius Pilate

And immediately when the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Yeshua to put Him to death. The chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council. And when they had bound Him, the whole multitude of them arose. They then led and carried Yeshua away and delivered Him from Caiaphas unto the Hall of Judgment, to Pontius Pilate the governor. And it was early. And they themselves didn’t go into the Hall of Judgment lest they should be defiled, but so that they might eat the Passover.

Judas, Hanging, Field of Blood

Then Judas who had betrayed Him repented Himself when he saw that He was condemned, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders saying, “I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood.” And they said, “What is that to us? See thou to that!” And he cast down the pieces of silver in the Temple. And he departed.

And he went and hanged himself.

And the chief priests took the silver pieces. And they said, “It is not lawful to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood.” And they took counsel. And they bought the potter’s field with them in which to bury strangers. Therefore that field was called “The field of blood” unto this day. Then that which was spoken by Zechariah the prophet was fulfilled, saying, “And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of Him that was valued, whom they of the children of Israel did value, and gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord appointed me.”

First Accusation before Pilate

And Yeshua stood before the governor. Pilate then went out unto them. And he said, “What accusation do ye bring against this man?” They answered and said unto him, “If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee!” Then Pilate said unto them, “Take ye Him and judge Him according to your Law.” The Jews therefore said unto Him, “It is not lawful for us to put any man to death” (that the saying of Yeshua that He spoke might be fulfilled, signifying what death He should die).

And the chief priests accused Him of many things.

And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this fellow perverting the race and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Messiah—a King!” And when He was accused by the chief priests and elders, He answered nothing.

Then Pilate asked Him again. And he said unto Him, saying, “Answerest thou nothing? Behold how many things they witness against Thee!” But Yeshua still answered him never a word insomuch that Pilate the governor greatly marveled.

And Pilate the governor asked Him, saying, “Thou art the King of the Jews.” And Yeshua answered and said unto him, “Thou sayest.”

Pilate Asks Again about King of the Jews

Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again. And he called Yeshua. And he said unto Him, “Thou art the King of the Jews.” Yeshua answered Him, “Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell thee it about me?” Pilate answered, “Am I a Jew? Thine own race and the chief priests have delivered thee unto me. What hast thou done?” Yeshua answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If my kingdom were of this world, then my servants would fight so that I should not be delivered to the Jews. But my kingdom is not from here now.” Pilate therefore said unto Him, “Thou art a king then.” Yeshua answered, “Thou sayest that I am a king. I was born to this end, and I came into the world for this cause, that I should bear witness unto the Truth. Every one that is of the Truth hearkens to my voice.” Pilate says unto Him, “What is truth?” And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews.

Herod’s Jurisdiction

Then Pilate said to the chief priests and to the people, “I find no fault in this man.” And they were the more fierce, saying, “He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry beginning from Galilee to this place!” When Pilate heard of Galilee, he asked whether the man was a Galilaean. And as soon as he knew that he belonged unto Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent Him to Herod who also himself was at Jerusalem at that time.

Herod Sees Yeshua

And when Herod saw Yeshua, he was exceeding glad. For he was desirous to see Him from a long season, because he had heard many things of Him. And he hoped to have seen some miracle done by Him.

Herod and Soldiers Mock

He then questioned with Him in many words. But He answered him nothing. And the chief priests and scribes stood and vehemently accused Him. And Herod with his men of war set Him at nothing. And they mocked Him. And they arrayed Him in a gorgeous robe. And they sent Him again to Pilate. And the same day Pilate and Herod were made friends together, for they were previously at enmity between themselves.

Pilate’s Wife

When he was set down on the judgment seat, his wife sent unto him saying, “Have thou nothing to do with that righteous man! For I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of Him.”

No Fault Even from Herod

And Pilate, when he had called together the chief priests and the rulers and the people, said unto them, “Ye have brought this man unto me as one who perverts the people. And behold, I have found no fault in this man touching those things of which ye accuse Him, having examined Him before you—no, nor yet Herod. For I sent you to him. And behold, nothing worthy of death is done unto Him. I find no fault in Him at all. I will therefore chastise Him and release Him.”

Traditional Release

Now, the governor of necessity was wont to release unto the people one prisoner at that feast—whom they desired. Therefore when they were gathered together, the shouting multitude began to desire him to do as he had always done unto them.

About Barabbas

And they then had a notable prisoner called Barabbas who was a robber, and was cast into prison for a certain sedition made in the city, who lay bound with them that had made insurrection with him, who had committed murder in the insurrection.

Offer to Release Barabbas or Yeshua

Pilate the governor answered and said unto them, “Ye have a custom that I should release one unto you at the Passover. Which of the two do ye desire that I release unto you? Barabbas or Yeshua Who is called Messiah? Desire ye therefore that I release the King of the Jews unto you?” For he knew that the chief priests had delivered Him for envy.

Moving the People for Barabbas’ Release

But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude. And they moved the people so that they should ask Barabbas—that he should instead release Barabbas unto them and destroy Yeshua. They said, “Barabbas!”

What to Do with Yeshua?

And Pilate answered. And he again said unto them, “What do ye desire then that I shall do with Yeshua who is called Messiah?” They all say unto him, “He shall be crucified!” And the governor said, “Why? What evil has He done?” But they shouted the more saying, “He shall be crucified!”

What Again to do with Yeshua?

And Pilate answered. And he again said unto them, “What do ye desire then that I shall do unto Him whom ye call the King of the Jews?” And they shouted again, “Crucify him!” Then Pilate said unto them, “Why? What evil has He done?” And they shouted the more exceedingly, “Crucify him!” And they shouted all at once, saying, “Away with this man! And release Barabbas unto us!” Pilate therefore spoke again to them, willing to release Yeshua. But they shouted, saying, “Crucify him!” “Crucify him!”

The Third Time

And he said unto them the third time, “Why? What evil has He done? I have found no cause of death in Him. I will therefore chastise Him, and let Him go.”

Pilate therefore went forth again. And he says unto them, “Behold, I bring Him forth to you so that ye may know that I find no fault in Him.”

Requiring that Yeshua be crucified

And they were instant with loud voices, requiring that He would be crucified. Then they all shouted again saying, “Not this man, but Barabbas!”

Voices Prevail; Pilate Washes His Hands

And the voices of them and of the chief priests prevailed. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that a tumult was instead made, he took water. And he washed his hands before the multitude, saying, “I am innocent of the blood of this righteous person. See ye to it!” Then all the people answered and said, “His blood is on us and on our children!” And so Pilate, willing to content the people, then released Barabbas unto them who was cast into prison for sedition and murder, whom they had desired.

Praetorium: Stripping Yeshua

Then the soldiers of the governor took Yeshua and led Him into the common hall called Praetorium. And they call. And they gathered the whole band of soldiers unto Him. And it was the third hour. And they stripped Him.

Clothing Yeshua

And they clothed Him with a purple robe. And they put a scarlet robe on Him.

Crown of Thorns

And when the soldiers had platted a crown of thorns, they put it around upon His head, and a reed in His right hand.

Bowing before Yeshua

And they bowed the knee before Him. And they mocked Him. And they began to salute Him saying, “Shalom, King of the Jews!” And they smote Him with their hands. And they spit upon Him. And they took the reed, and smote Him on the head. And they worshipped Him, bowing their knees.

Then Yeshua came forth wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate says unto them, “Behold the man!” Therefore when the chief priests and officers saw Him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify Him!” “Crucify Him!” Pilate says unto them, “Take ye Him and crucify Him! For I find no fault in Him.”

He Ought to Die by Our Law

The Jews answered Him, “We have a law, and by our law he ought to die because he made himself the Son of God.” When Pilate therefore heard that saying, he was the more afraid.

And he went again into the Hall of Judgment. And he says unto Yeshua, “From where art thou?” But Yeshua gave him no answer. Then Pilate says unto Him, “Speakest thou not unto me? Knowest thou not that I have power to crucify thee and have power to release thee?” Yeshua answered, “Thou couldest have no power against me at all except it were given thee from above. Therefore he who delivered me unto thee has the greater sin.”

And Pilate sought to release Him from thenceforth.

But the Jews shouted saying, “If thou let this man go, thou art not Caesar’s friend. Whosoever makes Himself a king speaks against Caesar!” When therefore Pilate heard that saying, he brought Yeshua forth.

And he sat down in the judgment seat in a place that is called the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha. And it was the preparation of the Passover, and about the sixth hour. And he says unto the Jews, “Behold your King!” But they shouted, “Away with Him!” “Away with Him!” “Crucify Him!” Pilate says unto them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!”

And Pilate gave sentence that it should be as they required. Then Pilate therefore took Yeshua. And he scourged Him. And he delivered Yeshua unto them to be crucified when he had scourged Him. And he delivered Yeshua to their will.

And after they had mocked Him, they took the robe off from Him and put His own raiment on Him. And they took Yeshua. And they led Him away to crucify Him.

Simon of Cyrene Bears His Cross

And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus, Simon by name, who passed by coming out of the country. They then laid hold upon him. And they laid the cross on him so that he would carry it behind Yeshua. And they compelled him to bear His cross.

A Large Company Follows; Prophecy

And a great company of people followed Him there, and of women who also bewailed and lamented Him. But Yeshua turning unto them said, “Daughters of Jerusalem, don’t weep for me. But weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming in which they shall say, ‘Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bare, and the breasts that never breastfed!’ Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’—and to the hills, ‘Cover us!’ For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry?”

Arriving at Golgotha; Two Thieves

And they bring Him. And there were also two others—malefactors—two thieves, led with Him to be put to death, crucified with Him. And He went forth into a place that is called Golgotha in Hebrew, which is being interpreted, ‘The place of a skull’, bearing His cross. And when they were come to the place that is called Skull, they crucified Him and the malefactors there—one on the right hand and the other on the left, and Yeshua in the midst. And the Scripture that says, “And He was numbered with the transgressors” was fulfilled.

Poison Vinegar

And they gave Him vinegar to drink mingled with poison. And when He had tasted thereof, He would not drink.

Wine Mingled with Myrrh

And they gave Him wine mingled with myrrh to drink, but He didn’t receive it.

Parting Garments and Casting Lots

And the soldiers then took His raiment. And they parted His garments, casting lots upon them—what every man should take. And they made four parts—a part to every soldier, and also His coat. Now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. They therefore said among themselves, “We shall not tear it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be” so that the Scripture that says, “They parted my raiment among them, and they did cast lots for my vesture” and what was spoken by the prophet might be fulfilled.

Therefore the soldiers did these things. And they watched Him there, sitting down.

“Father, Forgive Them”

Then Yeshua said, “Father, forgive them. For they don’t know what they are doing.”

Watching Yeshua

And the people stood beholding. And the rulers with them also derided Him, saying, “He saved others! He shall save himself if he is the Messiah, the chosen of God!”

Now His mother and His mother’s sister, Miriam the wife of Cleophas and Miriam of the Tower stood there by the cross of Yeshua. When Yeshua therefore saw His mother and the disciple whom He loved standing by, He says unto His mother, “Woman, behold thy son!” Then He says to the disciple, “Behold thy mother!” And that disciple took her unto his own home from that hour.

Written Sign: King of the Jews

And Pilate wrote a title and put it on the cross. And they set up His accusation over His head. And the superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek and Latin and Hebrew, “THIS IS YESHUA OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS”. Many of the Jews then read this title. For the place where Yeshua was crucified was nigh to the city. And it was written in Hebrew and Greek and Latin.

Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Write not, ‘The King of the Jews’, but that he said, ‘I am King of the Jews’.” Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written!”

“Save Thyself!”

And they who passed by reviled and railed on Him, wagging their heads and saying, “Ah, thou who destroys the Temple and builds it in three days, save thyself! If thou art the Son of God, come down from the cross!” Likewise also, the chief priests with the scribes and elders mocking Him said among themselves, “He saved others! He cannot save himself! If he is the Messiah the King of Israel, he shall now descend from the cross so that we may see and believe! And we will believe him! He trusted in God. He shall deliver him now, if He will have him! For he said, ‘I am the Son of God!’” The thieves also who were crucified with Him reviled Him and cast the same in His teeth.

One Thief Turns

And one of the malefactors who were hanged railed on Him, saying, “If thou art Messiah, save thyself and us!”

But the other answering rebuked him, saying, “Dost thou not fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation?—and we indeed justly, for we receive the due reward of our deeds. But this man has done nothing amiss.”

And he said unto Yeshua, “Sir, remember me when Thou comest into Thy kingdom.” And Yeshua said unto him, “I say unto thee, faith! Today thou shalt be with me in paradise!”

Darkness from Sixth to Ninth Hour

And when the sixth hour was come, there was a darkness over all the land from the sixth hour until the ninth hour. And the sun was darkened. And the veil of the Temple was torn in the midst.

Ninth Hour: “Eli”

And about at the ninth hour, Yeshua shouted with a loud voice saying, “Eloi! Eloi! Lama sabachthani?”—that is to say, being interpreted, “My God! My God! Why hast Thou forsaken me?” And when they heard that, some of them that stood by there said, “Behold, he calls Elijah! This man calls for Elijah!”

Vinegar to Drink

After this, Yeshua, knowing that all things were now accomplished so that the Scripture might be fulfilled, says, “I thirst.” Now a vessel full of vinegar was set there. And one of them immediately ran, and took a sponge. And they filled a sponge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, a reed, and put it to His mouth, and gave Him to drink saying, “Let alone! We shall see whether Elijah will come to take Him down! Let be! We shall see whether Elijah will come to save him!”

Yeshua Dies

When Yeshua therefore had received the vinegar, He said, “It is finished!”

And when Yeshua had shouted again with a loud voice, He said, “Father! I commend my spirit into Thy hands!” And having said thus, He bowed His head. And He yielded up the spirit.

Centurion’s Observation

Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, “This was certainly a righteous man!”

And when the centurion saw that He so shouted and gave up the spirit, he said, “Truly this man was the Son of God!”

Women Beholding

And all the people that came together to that sight smote their breasts and returned, beholding the things that were done. There were also many women beholding afar off, among whom was Miriam of the Tower, and Miriam the mother of Jacob the less and of Joses, and Salome, and the mother of Zebedee’s children—who also followed Him and ministered unto Him when He was in Galilee, and many other women who came up unto Jerusalem with Him. And all His acquaintance and the women who followed Him from Galilee stood afar off, beholding these things.

Breaking Legs

The Jews therefore besought Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away so that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the Sabbath day. For that Sabbath day was a high day, because it was the Preparation. Then the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who was crucified with Him. But when they came to Yeshua and saw that He was already dead, they didn’t break His legs. But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear. And blood and water came straight out there.

Joseph of Arimathaea

And behold, there was a man named Joseph, a counselor. And he was a good and a righteous man. The same had not consented to the counsel and deed of them. He was of Arimathaea, a city of the Jews, who also himself waited for the kingdom of God. This man went unto Pilate and begged the body of Yeshua.

And he took it down and wrapped it in linen. And he laid it in a sepulchre that was hewn in stone in which man was never before laid. And that day was the Preparation. And the Sabbath drew on.

And also the women who came with Him from Galilee followed after. And they beheld the sepulchre and how His body was laid. And they returned and prepared spices and ointments. And they rested the Sabbath day according to the commandment.

Veil Torn, Graves Open, Centurion

And, behold, the veil of the Temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom. And the earth did quake, and the rocks tore, and the graves were opened. And many bodies of the Saints who slept arose. And they came out of the graves after His resurrection. And they went into the holy city. And they appeared unto many.

Now when the centurion who stood over against Him and they who were watching Yeshua with him saw the earthquake and those things that were done, they greatly feared, saying, “Truly this was the Son of God!”

Truthful Record

And he that saw it bare record. And his record is true. And he knows that he says true so that ye might believe. For these things were done so that the Scripture shall be fulfilled, “A bone of Him shall not be broken.” And again another Scripture says, “They shall look on Him whom they pierced.”