Psalm 19 Questions and Proposed Answers

(See Psalm 019 Literally Rendered)

1. a) Who is the overcomer? Numerous psalms begin with this announcement. We have not yet established who the overcomer is, though we have suspicion that it might be Israel. 1 John refers to the overcomer:

1 John 2:13 I write unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that is from the beginning. I write unto you, young men, because ye have overcome the wicked one. I write unto you, little children, because ye have known the Father. ¹⁴I have written unto you, fathers, because ye have known him that is from the beginning. I have written unto you, young men, because ye are strong, and the word of God abideth in you, and ye have overcome the wicked one.

1 John 4:4 Ye are of God, little children, and have overcome them. For greater is He Who is in you than he who is in the world.

1 John 5:4 For whatsoever is born of God overcomes the world. And this is the victory that overcomes the world: our faith. ⁵Who is he who overcomes the world, but he that believes that Yeshua is the Son of God!

The Spirit of Yehovah through John addressed the Israelis in the above texts.

1. b) Define overcome: It is to surmount opposition or an obstacle, be victorious. The idea of actually beating an enemy is not necessarily important in the definition of the Hebrew word. A person who overcomes is not a person who is conquering in a battle, but rather is refusing to be swayed or turned from a right objective. Refusing temptation to sin is overcoming. Joseph lived a perfect picture of overcoming. He didn’t conquer Potipher’s wife, but he refused to sin when being heavily tempted, and thus overcame the world.

1. c) What is a ballad? It is a song that tells a story.

1. d) In what respect is this psalm to David? Yehovah the Spirit entrusted this psalm to David to present it to Israel and thus to the world. The name David is a sexually intimate term, meaning something akin to lover.

2. a) What Mighty One is in mind? The Might One of Israel is Yeshua; that is the position of the Messiah. Yehovah is also a Mighty One, but that term is almost ‘unfair’ for Yehovah since He has all power. Yeshua voluntarily gave up all power while in mortal flesh. His arrival will be as the Mighty One of Israel, saving Israel from all enemies. Yehovah is not so much the Mighty One as the source of all might!

2. b) What is glory? It is importance.

2. c) What does scroll (as a verb) mean? Two acceptations of scroll arise. One has to do with conserving space, since a scroll consists of multiple pages of many feet in length, and rolling up those pages onto a wooden poll made the article easy to handle. This is not what this text is declaring. The second acceptation has to do with turning the two polls of a scroll in the same direction in order for the pages of the scroll to move while it is being read. This brings a new page into view to be read while rolling up the above pages that have already been viewed. This is exactly why this verb is used for computers. The verb to scroll on a computer is to move text up or down so that other text can be viewed. This is the usage found in this psalm.

Thus, the heavens are as a large scroll with information written in all constellations. As the earth spins, different parts of the scroll come into view, and thus the heavens scroll that information. It all refer to the importance of that Mighty One who is the Messiah.

2. d) When will the heavens scroll the importance of this Mighty One? This is occurring right now. Yet, the fulfillment of this will be far more pronounced during the Tribulation. The information being scrolled right now is almost entirely lost to viewers, since extremely few folks on this planet can read constellations literally. Most don’t even know how to read the constellations. Modern astrologers are especially ignorant in the same way as nearly all modern pastors are ignorant of how to understand the Bible. They can read the Bible, but they cannot understand what they read (with very few exceptions).

If anyone asks what information is present in the constellations, the Biblical answer is, “The importance of the Mighty One of Israel is present.” The astrologers who came to Yeshua knew how to read the constellations. They did not find information on the city location of the Messiah; that was found in prophecy of the Bible.

2. e) Why is heavens plural? There are three heavens: the earth’s atmosphere, extending from the ground to the limits of the gases held by gravity around this plant; the extent of outer space; the temporary location of Yehovah’s throne where angels frequent and Saints are presently located after death. All three heavens scroll the Mighty One’s importance. The Tribulation will feature the first heaven’s ‘show’, when Yehovah causes phenomena in the earth’s atmosphere that will point to Yeshua’s importance. The third heaven’s scrolling His glory requires a person’s ability to view it. John viewed it, and spoke of it (in Revelation). It scrolled Yeshua’s importance.

2. f) What is the firmament? The word firmament has nothing to do with firm. It isn’t a foundation element, but is instead more akin to a transparent net, as if made of a solid fiber, yet easily pierced by humans, birds, bugs, space craft, etc. Its strength is phenomenal; yet its delicacy is equally phenomenal.

The firmament supports all clouds. A cloud is a water vapour mass that has tremendous mass, and translates into tremendous weight. One storm cloud can produce a downpour of water that can destroy cities. Yet all that water was supported in the air by the firmament. Scientists teach and believe that water vapour is lighter than air. Thus, they see the clouds as being natural and obvious in floatation. This doesn’t make sense, since those clouds carry tons and tons of water, and yet make for very minor changes in atmospheric pressure when ‘floating’ overhead. Rain (according to the Bible) is when the ‘windows of heaven’ open. This is a tearing in the firmament, and the water vapour condenses just a little to form water droplets that precipitate, sometimes with great force. The tearing is reversed the just before the rain stops falling. Even a tornado requires tremendous force to form through the firmament; that is why a tornado doesn’t just dissipate, but rather returns up into the orderly clouds.

Yet the firmament isn’t just a separator of waters from waters (that is, of clouds above from lakes and oceans below). It extends into outer space, and is the very strong ‘net’ that holds the planets in orbit, the moons around the planets, the rings of rocks and gases around the planets and moons, and all the stars in the universe. The firmament is the largest single structure in the universe. The firmament is invisible to the eye, and its effects are very visible and very predictable. Even the clouds can maintain three separate layers a distance of thousands of feet; yet their order and structure has given rise to beautiful paintings. Some species of bugs and spiders live on the lower cloud firmament layer, having their entire life cycles on that structure. The spiders even have webs that are bug-catching nets in that firmament, like the spiders that form webs in water or that throw their webs in the water.

A passenger or pilot can feel the piercing of the firmament as a jet rises to the first cloud layer if that is being watched. The jet will ride smoothly until the firmament is reached. Then the jet will shake some until it has entered the clouds. It will still hit friction in the clouds, but it will not be as it was when it first contacted the firmament.

2. g) What is the doing of His hands? In general, the doing of His hands is anything that He does by hand and by His power. The word hand in the Bibleis what I call a childism, a word or expression that a child better understands because a child observes it. Children watch two parts of adults with great interest: the hands and the feet. A young child quickly learns that adult hands are where the adult has power. Hands can fix toys. Hands can make food and other items. Hands can reach. Hands can chastise. Hands can soothe. Hands can easily pick a child up. Hands support. Hands signal. Hands can unscrew tight objects. Thus, hands are were adults store power. This is the true of the Mighty One. He will do phenomenal and impossible things using His hands. The firmament will tell what He is doing, because these actions will occur in the firmament.

In Noah’s day, the firmament showed the doing of His hands as He opened all the windows of the heavens, bringing rain for 40 days.

In Lot’s day, Yehovah rained fire and burning sulfur from the firmament.

Acts 2:19 “And I will show wonders in the heavens above, and signs in the land beneath: blood and fire and vapour of smoke. ²⁰The sun shall be turned into darkness and the moon into blood before that great and notable day of Yehovah comes.”

The firmament will clearly announce the doing of His hands.

3. a) What saying will day to day ‘emit’? What will be the communication? Yehovah’s sayings are what He prophesies and teaches. This text refers to one saying. This text doesn’t declare what saying is in mind. The above verse mentions two items: the importance of the Mighty One, and the doing of His hands.

Acts 17:29 Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the deity is like unto gold or silver or stone, graven by art and man’s device. ³⁰And God winked at the times of this ignorance, but now commands all men everywhere to repent. ³¹For He has appointed a day in which He will judge the world in righteousness by that Man whom He ordained of which He hath given assurance unto all men, in that He has raised Him from the dead.

This may be the saying: that is, telling everyone everywhere to repent. It is similar to the message for Nineveh, though Nineveh was only threatened with extinction. Yet they understood the saying, and they repented. This also may not be the saying; we haven’t yet found evidence.

Few texts use this form of this word. The following is one text that does:

Habakkuk 3:8 Was Yehovah displeased against the rivers? Was Thine anger against the rivers? Was Thy wrath against the sea, that Thou didst ride upon Thy horses and Thy chariots of salvation? ⁹Thy bow was made quite naked to the oaths of the tribes, the saying. Selah. Thou didst cleave the earth with rivers.

This has to do with rain. The word bow is the same as in Noah’s day when Yehovah vowed,

Genesis 9:8 And Elohim said unto Consolation and unto his sons with him to say, ⁹“And I, behold I am standing my Covenant with you and with your seed after you ¹⁰and with every being of the living that is with you, in the flyer, in the beast and in every living of the land with you from all exiting the box to every living of the land. ¹¹And I will make-stand my Covenant with you. And he will not cut every flesh again from waters of the flood. And he will not be again a flood to rot the land.” ¹²And Elohim said, “This is the sign of the Covenant that I am giving between me and between you and between every being of living that is with you to generations of Hider: ¹³My bow I gave in the cloud. And she shall be for a sign of a Covenant between me and between the land. ¹⁴And he shall be, in my cloud is a cloud upon the land. And the bow shall be seen in the cloud. ¹⁵And I will remember my Covenant that is between me and between you and between every being of living in every flesh. And he will not be again the water for a flood to rot every flesh. ¹⁶And the bow will be in the cloud. And I will see her to remember a Covenant of Hider between Elohim and between every being of living in every flesh that is upon the land.” ¹⁷And Elohim said unto Consolation, “This is the sign of the Covenant that I made-stand between me and between every flesh that is upon the land.”

If the saying that day to day will emit has to do with the vow Yehovah made not to destroy the land with a flood of water, the rainbow will be that saying, and it will be on a daily basis. That rain, if I am right, will be beneficial because it will keep enemies from being able to pursue good guys with ease. Strong rains in one location and sunny conditions in another produce rainbows. Those bows will both declare that a rain is falling, and that Yehovah will not destroy the land with a flood. There are no rainbows at night.

3. b) How will night enliven knowledge? Night to night will show stars, and they will give information just as they did for the astrologers that visited Yeshua.

3. c) What knowledge will this be? The knowledge of Yehovah’s signs and appointments will be written in the constellations.

The knowledge of Yehovah is vital for Salvation. Knowledge Herself is a twin sister to Wisdom. Both lead directly to the fear of Yehovah.

3. d) Why was the verb emit used for the day to day saying? This is as if the saying is radiated, like colors, smells, sounds, vibrations. Thus, Yehovah will make sure that every day gives off truth at this time, emitting it.

4. a) The first part states, “There is no saying… without their voice being heard.” What saying, besides the one that Yehovah sends will occur? Whatever saying or sayings there will be, they will be either contrary to the saying that day to day will emit or will be in line with the day to day emitted sayings. I am certain that many will be contrary. Thus, Yehovah will provide His saying so that anyone desiring Truth will have a source. Those who present a saying that is parallel to Yehovah’s saying will have confirmation. The overcomer will overcome the false sayings, and will hearken to Yehovah’s saying that will occur day to day.

4. b) The second part states, “There are no speeches without their voice being heard.” What speeches, besides the one that Yehovah sends will occur? Many will give speeches, giving their opinions. Those speeches will probably occur mainly at night, since the two contrast to the two in verse 3, the events of day and the events of night. A speech is supposed to bring knowledge, but the speeches won’t.

4. c) Why is saying singular and speeches plural? This tells the reader that one unified saying that is contrary to Truth will go forth. Many speeches contrary to Truth will go forth.

5. a) Identify the objects of the pronoun their: They are the ones doing the scrolling, the telling, the emitting a saying and the enlivening of knowledge. Thus, they are they heavens, the firmament, day to day and night to night. They have one measuring line that is communicated by their words that go into the edge of the planet.

5. b) What does this measuring line measure?

Isaiah 28:17 I will also lay justice to the measuring-line, and righteousness to the plummet. And the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place.

Lamentations 2:8 Yehovah purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion. He stretched out a measuring-line. He has not withdrawn His hand from destroying. Therefore He made the rampart and the wall to lament. They languished together.

Zechariah 1:16 Therefore thus says Yehovah, “I am returned to Jerusalem with wombings. My house shall be built in it,” says Yehovah of hosts, “and a measuring-line shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem.”

This measuring-line is for the sake of justice. The next two texts above show one for destruction and the other for construction.

The measuring line therefore measures what places will be judged for destruction and what places will be judged for construction: to be rebuilt or built up. The heavens, the firmament, day to day and night to night speak of these things, giving information about that measurement.

5. c) In what way do these speak of the above?

The heavens portray two different communications. The constellations are entire paragraphs telling this information. Thus, the constellations together form a book that readers who know how to read can read and learn. The heavens also will be where Yehovah will place many signs whose significances will be clear to those who are able to read them. Even some enemies will be able to read them.

The firmament is a structure for supporting clouds, stars, planets, moons, constellations, galaxies, etc. Yehovah will communicate justice using the firmament. (I do not know how this will appear.)

Day to day and night to night will also communicate these things, but I don’t know how these things will appear. These events are Tribulational.

5. d) To what extent with the communications of the four sets above cover? They will reach into all the land, meaning into all land’s surfaces. Thus, every continent and every island are covered in this.

5. e) Does this therefore exclude ships on the water? No, it doesn’t exclude them, but it also doesn’t speak of them in that statement. The next statement, however, covers all ships, because it states, “their words are into the edge of the planet,” indicating that no sailor will be where the words are not heard. The edge of the planet is the horizon; horizons are everywhere.

5. f) What is the difference between the measuring line and the words? The measuring line is a land phenomenon since the above quoted texts speak of that judgment and rebuilding. The words are the communications telling of the justices that are being done. Thus, sailors will see the results of the measuring line when they come back to harbor, but they will know the words while at sea.

5. g) What does “There is a tent via them to the sun” mean? First, a tent is a shelter and a moveable structure in which to reside. Thus, the sun has a place of residence, according to this text. That place of residence surrounds the sun. That the heavens are part of that tent makes sense. The firmament is also part of that tent. Yet, I propose that those do not make up the pronoun them.

The sun is surrounded by firmament. Day to Day and night to night do not seem to form a tent around the sun, since the sun is what makes for day and makes for night only by being cut off by the earth itself. Yet, there was day and night before there was the sun.

Thus, I considered the pronoun them again. The first part of this Psalm refers to the following:

• Telling
• Saying
• Knowledge
• Voice
• Measuring line
• Words

With these in mind as the objects of the pronoun them, this text then declares that the tent surrounding the sun is composed of those six. Thus, the sun, its shining (or lack), its course and goal will all be determined by those six: Telling, Saying, Knowledge, Voice, Measuring line, Words—all being from Yehovah.

6. a) Who exited? The sun did.

6. b) What is a khupah? It is a canopy, a covering that doesn’t cover all sides, but does have a top covering. The word khupah comes from a verb meaning to overlay, indicating a cover on one side: the top.

6. c) Why was the sun in the khupah in the first place? That Khupah is the canopy, but it is also the tent made of the six listed above. The sun isn’t in a khupah, but is rather compared to a bridegroom who is exiting from his khupah.

6. d) What will be the effect on the sun by these six? Those six will be commands of Yehovah that will direct the sun what to do, including darkening or brightening.

6. ?) How could these six things create a tent for sun? They direct the sun to its activities, and therefore they act as limiters and delimiters for the sun. If it weren’t for these six things, the sun could easily destroy earth by having a huge solar flare.

6. e) What is being described by “he exited as a bridegroom from his khupah”? This describes the sun as being full of joy, coming quickly from the tent of the Word of Yehovah at a particular time. The sun is doing the command as a runner running a race, going for the goal Yehovah gave. When that occurs, the sunlight will leave its normal course and will move very rapidly on a path as if it is running and rejoicing.

6. f) What path is this that the sun will run? The sun will now run at a very high speed around the edge of the heavens. The sun’s exit is from that edge, but the continuation is along that edge. It is circuit.

The sun is always in rapid flight through space relative to other objects including our galaxy, the Milky Way. Yehovah will change the velocity of the sun (where velocity is a combination of speed and direction). When He makes this change, the sun will exit from the Khupah.

6. ?) When will Yehovah cause the sun to run this path around the edge of the heavens? This will be during the last part of the last half of the Tribulation?

6. ?) How will any life continue on planet earth with the sun now traversing the edge of the heavens at this new and huge rate of speed? The sun will not be alone. The entire solar system will go along with the sun. If it weren’t for that, the solar system would be without the sun, and there is no text where the sun is absent even when it isn’t giving light.

6. g) How can the sun exult? The expression of the sun’s exultation is in giving its brightness as opposed to being darkened. This text indicates that the sun has a personality since rejoicing is limited to beings with personalities. Thus, the sun is a living creature. This is not obvious to humans (except those who have an idolatrous worship in which they see gods and living aspects in everything). This is also completely distinct from the use of human imagination, since many humans can visualize everything as being alive, including having a normal rock talk and discuss things. The text declares that the sun will exult. Thus, it is a living creature.

6. h) Why is the sun compared to a valiant one? A valiant one does great deeds, and has a goal, and pursues that goal regardless of encumbrances. The sun will do the same. Again, the goal of the path is the exiting and circuit that the sun will run. That will take much energy and desire on the part of the sun.

7. a)   What are the edges of the heavens? This teaches readers who believe the Bible that the heavens have edges: that is, they have limits. The same wording is used for the earth (or rather, for land on earth): the edges of the land (wrongly rendered the ends of the earth). The earth is an oddly-shaped ball, shaped a little like a football and not perfect like a basketball:

What is the circumference of the earth?

“The circumference of the earth at the equator is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 kilometers).

“But, if you measure the earth through the poles the circumference is a bit shorter – 24,859.82 miles (40,008 km). This shows that the earth is a tad wider than it is tall, giving it a slight bulge at the equator. This shape is known as an ellipsoid or more properly, geoid (earth-like).”

(http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzcircumference.htm)

Because the earth is a sphere, edges don’t make sense. But edges of the land make sense since there is an agreed north, south, east and west limit. Thus, the farthest eastern part of China, or better, the farthest eastern part of Chukot (east of Siberia) is the edge of the land eastward, while the farthest west edge of land is Alaska. Hawaii is directly under central Alaska. Thus, it is part of the far west. The Bible speaks of the edges of the land.

If this is true of the earth, I have no reason to think that this isn’t true of the heavens. In other words, I have good reason to hypothesize from the Biblical text that outer space is also spherical in shape, and thus has the same type of edges: places where galaxies are very thick, then end for huge distances until one arrives at other galaxy clusters. This guess (hypothesis), then, is that that an outer space traveler who could travel at speeds permitting a complete circuit of outer space would find the same thing as on earth: that going far enough in one direction will lead back to the place of origin. It is interesting to note that Mr. Einstein theorized this without believing the Bible.

If this is true, the earth is a external sphere with humans living on the outside, and outer space is an internal sphere with all stars, planets, space dust, comets, etc. being on the inside of that sphere. Of course, that would mean that there is a definable center, a place equidistant from the limits of outer space.

Thus, the sun, according to the text, exits from the edges of the heavens, indicating that our solar system is at the edges of the heavens. We are not in the middle, but are at one extreme side.

7. b) In what way does the sun exit from the edges of the heavens? The text doesn’t tell how this will occur, but that it will occur. Yehovah has given the sun that ability. Wherever the sun goes, the solar system will also go. The sun won’t disconnect from the solar system with one exception: the earth will go out of orbit for a short time during the Tribulation.

7. c) If the sun’s exit is from the edges of the heavens, where is the sun headed? It is headed along the edges from the next statement: “his circuit is upon their edges.” Thus, the sun will travel along the edges of the heavens, with the center of the heavens remaining always distant.

7. d) We have stars and galaxies all around us. Doesn’t this give the impression that our solar system is somewhere in the middle of the universe? Since the universe is shaped as a sphere, we can look in any direction and see stars and galaxies; that doesn’t mean that our solar system is in the center. The illusion of infinity in all directions gives the wrong impression. Our solar system truly is on the edge. Some later scientist who refuses to put any stock in the Bible will theorize this and give evidence, and will win the equivalent of the Nobel Peace Prize.

7. e) Why did Yehovah place our solar system on the edge of the heavens instead of the middle? Humans have the tendency to view themselves as the center of their world. It is built into children to have this perspective. Yehovah teaches humility. Part of that humility instruction will be to show that our solar system is not the center of universe.

7. f) Why is the circuit of the sun upon the heavens’ edges?

The purposes of the sun include having dominion over the day, giving light, warmth and energy to the earth, being the causer of seasons, being for signs (as in the case of Joshua) and appointments, and to serve Yehovah and man.

The circuit of the sun remains upon the heavens’ edges because man is not the center of the universe. This set of heavens will be destroyed. Yehovah is underscoring that man is not the center of the universe. Yehovah is the center. Just as ignorant scientists used to think that the earth was the center of our solar system with the sun going around the earth, so are modern scientists who think and act as if our solar system is somewhere in the middle. It isn’t. It is on the edges.

7. g) What is the sun’s circuit? First, it isn’t its rotation. A circuit is a journey that starts at a point and ends at the same point. Thus, some Bible-ignoring scientist will theorize with evidence that the sun is traveling in a huge orbit, one that would take trillions of light years, going around the contents of the center of the heavens. That scientist will also win the equivalent of a Nobel Peace Prize.

7. h) What does “there is no secreting from his heat” mean? That means that there is no place where one can escape the heat of the sun. The sun’s heat reaches even in the core of the earth. The light of the sun can easily be blocked. Its heat, however, penetrates solid rock and tremendous liquid.

7. i) What is so important about nothing secreting from the sun’s heat? Aren’t the polar regions relatively unphased by the heat of the sun? This text has a timing. Besides this Tribulation timing (when Yehovah will turn the sun up to afar above its present brightness), even now, the heat from the sun keeps the polar regions from going far below 80 degrees below zero. Temperatures on the moon facing away from the sun go down to more than 200 degrees below zero. (Revelation 16:8,9)

8. a) Why has the Psalm switched so radically? The subject has not changed. The beginning of this Psalm addressed the information Yehovah has placed in the heavens, the firmament, days and nights. That information will include the following that are discussed in the next few verses: Teaching, Testimonies, Visitations, Commandment, Fear of Yehovah, Justices.

8. b) Identify her? This is referring to a person’s being. The rest of the statement is, “restoration of a being.”

8. c) How can the Teaching of Yehovah be the perfection of a being? The Teaching of Yehovah is what will enable a human being to be perfect before Yehovah. Therefore, if one learns that Teaching, and then practices the parts of that Teaching that are pertinent to that person in terms of justice, righteousness, etc., and does that consistently, that person will be perfect before Yehovah. Thus, that person’s being will be perfect.

8. d) What part of a person is the being? The being includes one, two or all of the following: the body, the soul, the spirit. The spirit of a person is what drives that person to living behaviour. The soul of a person is the real person, the container of the personality, the part of the person held responsible for character. The body of the person is the container of the soul and spirit, though that container is temporary if mortal. If a person sins, iniquity is to the soul, and punishment can often be to the body.

It is theologically wrong to separate the body from the soul in responsibility. A body can be sick and even broken, and the soul be perfect before Yehovah.

8. e) Why would a being need restoration? Restoration indicates a broken or worn condition. True restoration brings an item back to a new state.

8. f) Does every person’s being need restoration? Being born in and with inherent sin needs restoration. One who is walking in the fear of Yehovah and in righteousness, whose sins have been remitted does not need restoration; that being already has been restored.

8. g) What role and part does the Teaching of Yehovah have in the restoration of a being? The Teaching of Yehovah (as a singular noun) refers to the compendium of the contents of the Torah, the prophets and the writings. While it usually refers specifically to the Torah itself, other texts show that it also includes all things that Yehovah has given through the prophets and placed into Scriptures from which all can learn.

• The Teaching of Yehovah explains that every person’s being needs to be restored in the first place because of sin through Adam’s line.
• The Teaching of Yehovah explains what occurred that mandates that a being must be restored. It gives the history of sin.
• The Teaching of Yehovah explains the process required for a being to be restored in detail.
• The Teaching of Yehovah warns of the consequences if a being is not restored.
• The Teaching of Yehovah explains which God is responsible for both the judgment and the restoration, what the restorer will do, and who He is.
• The Teaching of Yehovah shows examples of restored and unrestored beings.
• The Teaching of Yehovah gives the end result in the future for all humans. (This is in scant detail in the Torah.)
• The Teaching of Yehovah is necessary for faith.
• The Teaching of Yehovah instills the fear of Yehovah into readers who carefully take the text seriously and literally.

8. h) What is a testification, and how does it differ from a testimony?A testimony is a statement made, often under oath, in which a person tells what the person saw, heard, smelled, tasted, physically felt, and/or experienced in a way that is admissible in court. A testification is a declaration of the facts of the Truth regarding any situation. A testification must therefore be 100% accurate. Yehovah tells what He, Yehovah is; that is a testification, not a testimony.

8. i) If the above is true, what is a testification of Yehovah? See the above.

8. j) Where can one find the Testimonies of Yehovah? They are both present in nature and in many Biblical texts. Wherever Yehovah states that something is true, will be true or was true is His testimony.

8. ?) How is the testification of Yehovah her faithfulness? A being’s faithfulness to what is right is directly linked to what Yehovah has stated about Himself and about His plan. No being will be able to remain faithful during the Tribulation without that testification. Yet, pagans who do right will be faithful, and their beings will demonstrate faithfulness as Yehovah does for them and demonstrates by actions what He has supplied in testification before.

8. k) What does faithful mean? Since faith is a certainty of a future event that one cannot prove to another, but that is based on a testimonial promise of another who is considered trustworthy, faithful means certain to occur, true to its description in every detail.

8. l) What does “Testimonies of Yehovah are faithful” mean? It means that what Yehovah has seen, heard, etc. was, is and will be exactly as He states them. Thus, prophecy from Yehovah is always correct, and it does not deceive. (I state that because of the Oracle at Delphi. That oracle prophesied, and what she said sometimes came to pass and in deceitful ways.) Yehovah’s prophecies are designed so that they give no deceit if taken literally. If one takes them non-literally when they can be taken literally, Yehovah’s prophecies are turned into man’s lies.

8. m) What does the non-existent word enwisen mean? It means to make wise.

8. n) What does gullible mean? It means that one will ‘swallow’ anything. The person is a sucker either because the person is a foolish dreamer who doesn’t see reality, or because the person doesn’t have sophistication.

8. o) Must a gullible person desire to be ‘enwisened’ in order for this to occur? Some gullible folks don’t know that they are gullible. The term simpleton describes a person who doesn’t know sophistication and sophism, and sees life as without complexity. Therefore, that person cannot understand conniving. That person truly is what that person appears to be, and expects that others are also what they appear to be. Yehovah’s Testimonies will take a person like that, and turn that person into a wise person who still sees things in their basic simplicities, but correctly from Yehovah’s angle.

Hadassah is an example of a simple person who was made wise by Yehovah.

8. p) How will this affect the outcome of the End Times? Yehovah’s Testimonies will be the Salvation of many, including very gullible ones, during the Tribulation. Young children who are normally easily gullible will have the greatest Wisdom by the Testimonies of Yehovah.

Matthew 10:16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves. Be ye therefore wise as serpents, and harmless as doves.

8. ?) How does the testification of Yehovah make wise a gullible one? A gullible person will obtain information so that the gullible person will not be fooled by lies. Even gullible folks can distinguish a direct lie upon hearing a direct truth regarding that issue. Thus, during the Tribulation, gullible folks will prove to be very wise, the very ones that worldly wise folks would never trust their judgment.

9. a) What is a visitation? It is when one comes to see how another is doing, and to help or to chastise or punish.

9. b) What are visitations of Yehovah? They are when Yehovah is about to do harm or do benefit by direct intervention.

9. c) What does straight mean in this text? This is the opposite of crooked. Yehovah’s visitations are not deceitful; they are straight so that a person can understand them.

9. d) What, then, does “Visitations of Yehovah are straight-[ones]” mean? His visitations are not thrown curves; they go straight to the targets just as described. There are no twists to them that would throw a person who takes the descriptions literally. There is no doubt that these are from Yehovah.

9. e) Why do they ‘happy’ a heart, and what does this mean? It means that the heart (mind) previously was not so happy, that the mind becomes truly joyful over the visitation and what it accomplishes.

They happy a heart because that mind has been waiting for this reversal of events. This will occur when the good guys are vindicated and the bad guys’ plots are foiled.

9. f) Whose heart do they happy? A group is singular; this is the entire group of the righteous.

9. g) What is a commandment? It is an order telling another to do or not do something.

9. h) Why is commandment singular when testimonies and visitations are plural? The entirety of the Torah is one command. It is found in the singular in a number of texts. The following is an example:

Deuteronomy 4:2 Ye shall not add unto the word that I command you, and ye shall not diminish from him to keep the commandment of Yehovah your God that I command you.

Deuteronomy 6:25 And righteousness will be to us! For we shall guard to do all this commandment to the faces of Yehovah our Gods just-as He commanded us.

This is how I understood that Yehovah commandment to Israel is a single command. This is why breaking one part is breaking the whole thing:

James 2:10 For whosoever shall keep the whole Torah, and yet offend in one, he is guilty of all.

9. i) What does clean mean? This is the word indicating that something isn’t soiled. It is not the term used in clean/unclean. (That will be in the next verse.)

9. j) How does the commandment of Yehovah become her cleanness? The commandment of Yehovah enters the person’s mind, enlightening her eyes. The commandment of Yehovah is actually scrubbing a being.

9. k) How does a commandment light eyes? The eyes first must be blind because of darkness. (Whether the blindness is physical or not isn’t the issue; it is that the eyes have no light.) Then the commandment comes, and the person not only understands the commandment, but now knows what to do and how to do it.

Romans 7:7 “What shall we say then? Is the Teaching sin? Cannot be. Nay, I had not known sin except via the Teaching. For I had not known lust except the Teaching had said, ‘Thou shalt not covet.’ ⁸And sin worked in me all manner of lust, taking occasion by the commandment. For sin was dead without the Teaching. ⁹For I was once alive without the Teaching, but when the commandment came, sin came alive and I died. ¹⁰And I found the commandment that was ordained to life to be unto death. ¹¹For sin deceived me, taking advantage by the commandment, and slew me by it. ¹²Therefore, the Teaching is holy, and the commandment holy and righteous and good. ¹³Was that which is good then made death unto me? Cannot be! Sin, that it might appear sin, is working death in me by what is good in order that sin will become exceeding sinful by the commandment.”

The word appear shows sight. Only when Saul received the commandment, only then did he see sin; the commandment brought light. Yet, he had to become physically blind in order to concentrate on the light that the commandment provided. This is a mirror of Israel.

During the Tribulation, a number of folks will not know what is occurring and why. They will see devastation from above and from the forces of the Assyrian, but they will not understand many things or know what to do. The commandment will bring all things into focus for them, and it will give them light so that they will know what to do and to and for whom to be responsible.

10. a) What kind of clean is this? It is clean versus unclean, having nothing to do with being soiled and everything to do with pictures of sin and righteousness, and preparation to stand before Yehovah.

10. b) What is the fear of Yehovah? Since fear is a strong and often-emotional reaction and response to consequences or danger (known or unknown), a person who fears considers consequences, dangers and responsibility. A person who is without fear has no concern over consequences, danger, and/or personal responsibility. The fear of Yehovah is the reaction and response to consequences of doing right and/or doing wrong before Him, knowing that Yehovah will certainly judge and consider both in His judgment.

Rahab feared Yehovah. She knew that Yehovah would judge her people, and that He would soon destroy them. She considered the consequences for doing right before Him verses the consequences of standing as not a traitor to her own people. She knew that Yehovah would destroy; she hoped that Yehovah would Save, and He did. Her fear of Yehovah took her from being am immoral whore to a moral wife in Israel. She was King David’s great, great, etc. grandmother.

10. c) How can the fear of Yehovah be legitimately described as being clean? A clean animal has certain attributes. If it is a land animal, and not a bird, the attributes are a divided hoof that is entirely split into separated toes, and the animal brings up a pellet of food that it is re-ingesting. I propose that these three things picture a very thoughtful being that doesn’t just swallow whatever is tossed to it, and that shows a walk that is always divided from others as it walks. If it is a bird, it does not eat carrion and does not tend to be a ravenous bird. Its normal diet is grain or fruit, and it is a harmless bird. It does not dive for fish. Regarding sea creatures, the only clean creatures are always true fish (by scientific definition), and they always have true fins and true scales. I propose that this shows that they can maneuver against currents, and they wear shields (scales), being armoured. One insect is clean: the locust, regardless of its molting stage. This creature is known for rapidly fleeing from enemies, while many other bugs are not of this nature, and are easily trapped and caught.

Since these animals are clean, the fear of Yehovah must have the same attributes as these animals.

The attributes of the fear of Yehovah are thus:

• It makes for a very thoughtful being that doesn’t just swallow whatever is tossed to her.
• She shows a walk that is always divided from others as she walks.
• The fear of Yehovah in a being keeps her from being ravenous or a carrion eater. She is harmless, and not a hunter for the beings of others.
• The fear of Yehovah always helps the being maneuver against currents.
• That fear is a shield and armour.

The fear of Yehovah makes for rapid flight from enemies and temptations.

10. d) What is the benefit of the fear of Yehovah standing to ‘onward,’ and what does that mean? It means that it has no ending. If it stands to onward, anyone with a true fear of Yehovah will not abandon of lose that fear given time and disasters that can lead to bitterness. If it is abandoned or lost, the person never had it.

10. e) What is Truth? It is that which is absolute from the perspective of a God/god. Truth is always linked to a god/God because humans have no access to Truth from discovery or from their minds. Truth is always from outside of them. Humans have opinions, cultures, preferences, desires, etc., but they don’t have the capability of discovering Truth. Truth must be absolute, and absoluteness is not part of the human existence apart from a god/God.

Since false gods are based on false truths, they are not Truth, but are lies. False gods come about by two sources: human opinions and demonic aid. Truth, therefore, must always be associated with a True God. If there were more than one True God, each would have its own Truth, and the Truth of one could easily conflict with the Truth of the other. Thus, the absolute would become the relative. That would destroy the possibility of Truth. (That which is relative is true or not true based on circumstances and situations, and thus, it is based on something as frail as opinions.) There can only be one True God if there will be Truth at all. Yet, if there is no True God, there can be no Truth, and thus, there is absolutely no absolute. This is totally impossible. One cannot say, “There is no absolute” since that is an absolute. An absolute is anything that is, always is, and cannot be otherwise under every possible circumstance.

Truth, then, is anything that is, always is, and cannot be otherwise under every possible circumstance. Humans cannot know Truth by discovery, as I said above. Truth must be communicated to humans from the God upon which Truth is based. His methods of communication will greatly vary. Anyone who hearkens to the communication of Truth and believes that Truth will have everlasting life.

Yehovah communicates part of Truth through His creation. He made a huge variety of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms. These animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms are all fragile, just as the rings of Saturn and other planets and moons are fragile; they can be destroyed with little or no effort. Even the remarkable polar bear is fragile, and scientists are now fearing their great diminution of numbers. A human can easily remove a rock from the rings of Saturn if in that orbit. A fire ant is easily killed. A killer bee is easily killed. A great shark can be easily trapped and killed. Flowers can be cut. All the beautiful living things and their complex interactions can easily be brought to a halt by human hands. Thus, Yehovah has made nature a witness of Truth, and yet a fragile witness so that humans must be careful to study that witness while harming it as little as possible.

10. f) What is justice? It is rendering a right decision based on all the facts.

Since having all the facts is practically never possible, that doesn’t mean that justice cannot be done. It rather means that wisdom can be used where the facts are unavailable. For example, Shlomo did not have all the facts when two prostitutes both had babies at the same time, and one baby died. Both women claimed the baby who lived as belonging to each of them. Shlomo therefore used wisdom to obtain information from both women that would yield the true mother, and he was able to render a right and perfect decision based not on all of the facts, but based on truth that the facts hidden only could have revealed. Therefore, Yehovah has given humans the ability to succeed in justice even when vital facts are missing.

Modern court systems and rules of law often do not permit arriving at a right decision. The fear of putting an innocent away combined with using the very false premise of precedent combined with using juries who have prejudices and opinions that blind them combined with using trickery, deceit and lies to win cases all together make modern court systems miss more often than they hit.

There is a great difference between judging and adjudicating. Adjudicating has to do with a legal system and the rule of law. Judging, on the other hand is what every thinking person must do and for which every thinking person will be held responsible in the judgments. The definition of judging proposed above will cover both: personal judgments (judgments made outside of a court system) and legal judgments. A wise person can judge in life. An unwise person will also judge, and will judge rendering wrong decisions.

David ordered his men to not touch Shimei who violently insulted David when David was leaving Israel to avoid a bloodbath by his own son. David was employing justice by this move, since the right decision was not violence for violence. David was using avoidance, because he knew that the precedent of returning violence for actions and words like Shimei would mean the deaths of all true prophets later on. David himself said,

2 Samuel 16:10 “He shall curse, because Yehovah said unto him, ‘Curse David!’ Who shall then say, ‘Why hast thou done so?’”

David later said,

2 Samuel 19:22 “Shall there any man be put to death this day in Israel? For don’t I know that I am this day king over Israel?”

David refused to touch Shimei as if he were a prophet of Yehovah. Shimei had claimed,

2 Samuel 16:8 “Yehovah hath returned upon thee all the blood of the house of Saul in whose stead thou hast reigned. And Yehovah has delivered the kingdom into the hand of Absalom thy son. And behold, thou art taken in thy mischief because thou art a man of bloods!”

Shimei didn’t know that he was performing as a prophet of Yehovah with these words. When he said, “Yehovah has returned upon thee…” and “Yehovah has delievered the kingdom into the hand of Absolom…”, as well as “Thou art taken in thy mischief…”, he was performing as if he were a prophet speaking the very words and thoughts of Yehovah. That placed him in a separate category, a category that David would not touch lest he teach others to go against prophets when they say what those others don’t like. David knew very well that Shimei’s words were not true prophecy, but David also knew that his men did not have that discernment. He did not desire for Israelis to attack prophets when they speak strong words against the actions of Israelis. Once a prophet is found to be false, then that prophet is put to death. David himself, however, was only one witness of this being prophecy, and false at that. Later, when Shimei’s prophecies didn’t occur and David’s men wanted to kill him on the spot, David refused for another different reason: the shedding of blood needed to stop. But David told Shlomo to get Shimei by some means, and to kill him. David was Yehovah’s anointed. It was not up to David to take personal vengeance. His son, however, must avenge anyone who put out his hand against Yehovah’s anointed person, and that included David. David could not do it; that would be wrong. Shlomo must do it; that would be right.

Abigail used wisdom to give David the facts—all of them. She also used appeal for David, telling him:

1 Samuel 25:23 And Avigail saw David. And she hurried. And she descended from upon the ass. And she fell to the noses of David upon her faces. And she prostrated land[ward]. ²⁴And she fell upon his feet. And she said, “The iniquity is via me—I, my lords! And thy slavewoman spoke, na, into thine ear. And hearken-to the speeches of thy slavewoman. ²⁵My lords shall not put, na, his heart unto a man of this without-a-yoke—upon Naval. For as his name, he is established: Naval is his name, and fool-ishness is with him! And I, thy slavewoman—I didn’t see the youths of my lords that thou sent. ²⁶And now, my lords, Yehovah lives and thy being lives that Yehovah restrained thee from coming via bloods and to save thy hand to thee. And now, thy enemies shall be as Naval, and the seekers unto my lords, bad. ²⁷And now, this blessing that thy family-woman brought to my lords—and she shall give to the youths walking-themselves via the feet of my lords. ²⁸Carry, na, to the transgression of thy slavewoman. For making, Yehovah shall make to my lords a faithful house! For my lords fought wars of Yehovah! And bad will not exit via thee from thy days! ²⁹And adam will arise to chase thee and to see thy being. And the being of my lords shall be bound in a binding of the lives with Yehovah thy Gods. And He will sling her—the being of thine enemies—into the midst of the palm of the slingshot. ³⁰And he shall be when Yehovah will do to my lords according-to all that He spoke—the good upon thee. And He commanded thee to a Teller upon Israel! ³¹This [fem.] shall not be to thee to elicit her and to stumble a heart to my lords and to causelessly shed blood and to save my lords to himself. And Yehovah shall good-do to my lords. And thou shalt remember thy slavewoman.” ³²And David said to Avigail, “Yehovah Gods of Israel is blessed Who sent thee this day to call me. ³³And thy taste is blessed. And a blessing is that which thou ended me this day from coming via bloods and to save my hand to me. ³⁴And perhaps, Yehovah Gods of Israel lives Who restrained me from bad-doing with thee! For had-it-not-been thou hurried and thou ‘camed’-me to call me—for if ‘remnanted’ to Naval yet a light of the morning a pisser of the wall!

David was about to refrain from using justice. Avigail reminded him of his responsibilities in a most tasteful way (tact and good food).

10. g) The text declares that the justices of Yehovah are Truth. Combine the two proposed definitions to see a proposal of what this means:

• Justice is rendering a right decision based on all the facts
• Truth is that which is absolute from Yehovah’s perspective

Combining the two, Yehovah’s right decisions based on all the facts are what are absolute from Yehovah’s perspective. Thus, Yehovah’s right decisions regarding individuals and groups always include all the facts. He therefore does not slay the innocent with the guilty as if the innocent don’t matter. (He is the gatekeeper of life and death. He has brought the lives of little children to an end in order to keep them from becoming evil at a later time, thus translating them into His Grace unto their Salvation. He alone may do this; anyone else doing this without His direct command is a murderer, and guilty before Yehovah slaughtering Yehovah’s image.) If Yehovah will destroy a population that is a mixture of mainly evil with a sprinkling of a Biblically righteous a person or persons, He will remove that righteous person from the populations (like what happened with Lot).

10. h) The verse ends with a fragment: “They altogether rendered-righteous.” To what should this fragment be attached? I propose this fragment must flow into the next verse producing the entire sentence, “They altogether rendered-righteous the desired-[ones] from [more than] gold.” Another way of wording this sentence is, “They altogether rendered-the desired-[ones]-righteous more than gold.”

10. i) If the above is true, what does it mean? It means that the Teaching of Yehovah, Yehovah’s Testimonies, His Visitations, the Commandment of Yehovah, the Fear of Yehovah and the Justices of Yehovah together took desired-ones who were not yet righteous before Yehovah, and made them righteous before Him far more than all gold could have ever succeeded in doing.

10. j) Does one person need all six of the above in order to be rendered righteous? When this is fulfilled during the Tribulation, all six will necessarily work together in every individual’s life.

Paul experienced every one of the six. He even had a visitation of Yehovah, though I cannot state that it was prophesied before it occurred.

11. a) How can all six together render a desired person righteous?

• The Teaching of Yehovah is what restores a being in the first place. It is the basis of faith.
• The Testimonies of Yehovah bring wisdom to a gullible person. Wisdom is necessary as the beginning of knowledge and understanding. Thus, the Testimonies of Yehovah will combine with the Fear of Yehovah. They save lives.
• The Visitations of Yehovah will cause anyone who truly lives genuine justice to be delighted when those visitations are for rescue.
• The Commandment of Yehovah is what makes a person able to see, removing blindness. Thus, we have that faith comes by hearkening, and hearkening comes by the saying of Yehovah: that is, the Commandment of Yehovah. Thus, a person who hearkens to the Commandment of Yehovah is able to then have faith.
• The Fear of Yehovah always remains; if a person fears Him in Truth, that fear will not disappear. Not greater terror is able to cause the fear of Yehovah to sit down.
• The Justices of Yehovah are also the Truth of Yehovah; that Truth is necessary for Salvation.

One who has all six will render a desired person righteous.

11. b) What is a desired person? It is a person whom Yehovah desires because that person will respond to Yehovah’s call and to His choosing. (Yehovah chooses those who respond to His call.)

11. ?) Who are these desired persons?

11. c) Why is gold brought into this verse and picture? Yehovah’s desire for these persons far exceeds man’s greatest desire for gold.

11. d) What is pure gold? It is gold that is so free of contaminants so that it is transparent like pure glass.

11. e) This text mentions sweet ones. Identify them: Sweet ones are also persons if desired ones are persons. The word sweet in its various forms (noun, adjective, verb) is never used of humans in the Bible, except what we proposed for this verse. Thus, if we are to describe a person as being sweet, we must define what that means.

11. f) If the above is true, what Biblically is a sweet person? The word is used to describe honey and the honeycomb. That type of sweetness has a particular effect on eaters. If a person is very weary, and along with weariness is sleepiness, honey quickly revives that person. It gives energy, and it has a very pleasant taste. Thus, a sweet person is one who energizes another and who provides taste to that person: a very pleasant taste. Abigail and Naomi were both of this nature. They both energized folks to take action and do right, and their words were like honey: sweet to the taste, and sweet even afterward.

Some will be of this nature during the Tribulation. Their effects on others will be energizing and very pleasant to the taste. It also revives a person who is ready to fall from weakness.

The text describes them as being sweet-ones from honey, which in Hebrew indicates that they are sweeter than honey. The expression of a state followed by from is the equivalent of more than after a comparative.

11. g) This and the previous verse describe folks as being rendered righteous. Who are these folks (by description), and how will they be rendered righteous? By description, they are the desired ones and the sweet ones. The desired ones are more desirable to Yehovah and to others than gold and even the far rarer pure gold. The sweet ones are more desirable to Yehovah and to others than honey and the waving of honeycombs. They are two groups that certainly can overlap.

The desired ones will be rendered righteous by the justices of Yehovah because those justices are Truth, and the desired ones will love Truth. They will therefore cling to Yehovah’s justices, and will save lives. They will be rendered righteous before Yehovah by saving lives of Yehovah’s property at the risks of their own, and thus by simple and complex heroism. Yehovah will see them righteous by their works of justices that are in line with Yehovah’s justices.

The sweet ones will show themselves so gracious and willing to risk themselves to save the lives of innocent ones and even guilty ones who will cooperate, that Yehovah will see them as righteous by their works of His justices. Thus, the kind, gracious, and seemingly fragile and feminine women who boldly and sweetly take children under their wings, and men who also are very gentle and kind and would never be known as vicious warriors who will take children under their wings and will save them will be seen as righteous even when neither one of these categories includes folks in faith. They will be rendered righteous by their works of Yehovah’s justices before they know who Yehovah is.

(These works will not be the causes of their everlasting salvations, since that will be by the grace of Yehovah alone, but the grace they show to others will guarantee that Yeshua will justify them by His Grace unto their Salvation. It is vital to see that Yehovah is, and that He is indeed a rewarder of those who diligently seek Him even if they seem Him in the image of children that belong to Him. The required faith for their Salvation will come later after the Tribulation when they have ample opportunity to learn the details of that faith.

(What if these heroes and heroines die before faith can come? Are they damned? This presupposes an impossibility: that Yehovah/Yeshua in His Wisdom, with His foreknowledge, and in spite of His power is unable to give them life long enough for them to come to faith—as if any who will be His will be lost. That is contrary to all Truth. If Yehovah had no trouble rescuing Lot from the city of destruction, why would He have trouble rescuing one from physical death who would have been saved had the person lived? That is contrary to all the character of Yehovah. Yeshua even told them that the kingdom was prepared for them from the foundation of the earth!)

11. h) What is the waving of a honeycomb? I understand this to refer to one holding up a honeycomb to others at a distance to indicate that a honeycomb has been found. Those at a distance will greatly rejoice at this boon when they are desperate for the food energy.

12. a) What does enlightened mean? The word zohar is directly related to this word. It refers to a transparent or translucent structure that conducts light to a dark area. It is a good word to describe fibre optics. Noah’s barge that Yehovah told him to build had a zohar in the top. It conducted skylight down to the three floors of the ark. In this way, the top of the ark was totally waterproof, yet light infiltrated throughout the ark.

To enlighten, then, is to shed light upon something so that it can be observed and understood. The slave in this verse is given light and understanding by being given the Teaching, Testimonies, Visitations, Commandment, Fear and Justices of Yehovah.

12. b) Who is this slave? The text uses also: “Thy slave is also enlightened via them.” This leads me to think that this slave is Mount Zion.

12. c) What is a multiplied heel? It is referring to a heel that is multiplied (repeated) many times. If this Psalm is being spoken by Mount Zion as we have proposed that Psalm 119 is, then this multiplied heel portion of the Mountain is the foot of the mountain, and this heel area surrounds the base of the mountain and keeps enemies off. It is both multiplied by completely circumnavigating the base of the mountain, and also by providing a multicircular no-enemy zone around its base. These six things therefore act as a protection zone for the slave and for the occupants of Mount Zion.

We also have an end result and an after portion built into this word. Any slave who guards these things will also have a very good end result. The means always justifies the ends.

12. d) How can one guard them? The first point of guarding anything is having it in possession or nearby. No one can guard what isn’t present. Next, identifying what must be guarded is essential. In this case, the following must be guarded:

• Teaching of Yehovah
• Testification of Yehovah
• Visitations of Yehovah
• Commandment of Yehovah
• Fear of Yehovah
• Justices of Yehovah.

Along with having them nearby is knowing them very well and doing them if that is part of those things. One has no right to do a commandment (for example) that has been given to another and not to that person. That doesn’t mean that such a command cannot be guarded; it can be. One can only do what has been commanded or given to that person to do.

13. a) What is imprudence? It is the opposite of prudence, where prudence means: caution and circumspection with regard to practical matters; discretion; seeing and reacting to what is virtuous, suitable or profitable; having foresight and sagacity; being attentive to possible hazard; the ability to use wisdom and discernment. Thus, imprudence means showing little or no caution or circumspection in practical matters; showing little or no discretion; an inability or unwillingness to see or react to what is virtuous, suitable or profitable; having little or no foresight or sagacity; show inattentiveness to possible hazard; showing little or no ability or willingness to use wisdom or discernment.

13. b) Answer the question: “Who will understand imprudences?” Those who pay attention to one of the six (Teaching, Testimonies, Visitations, Commandment, Fear and Justices of Yehovah) will understand imprudences. Others who do not pay attention to these things will behave and respond imprudently unless they follow their conscience to do right.

13. c) Who is me in “Absolve me from secreteds”? I propose that is the slave, and that the slave is Mount Zion.

13. d) Explain the meaning of the coined word, secreteds: The Hebrew word is nystarot, a relative of the Hebrew word mystar from which we get mystery. But included in this word is the root satar meaning secret. It refers to things that are hidden from public view, and can include the occult. I took the form nystar, meaning secreted, a word in English indicating that something has been set to be hidden from view. Usually, evil things are done in secret. I then pluralized the word to secreteds, indicating items and ideas that are intentionally kept from being known by others, usually in a negative way. That is why the speaker is requesting, “Absolve me from secreteds.”

13. e) What does absolve mean? This means to completely remove the guilt or accusation of guilt from someone or something such that the person or item is completely innocent now in every way.

13. f) To what would the speaker be referring by these secreteds? They are items and conversations that supposedly (but not truly) are hidden from Yehovah because Yehovah would be furious about them if He knew they occurred. Since Yehovah does know, the speaker is asking for absolution. The speaker may have been participant in these things, or may have done nothing when they occurred in the realm of the speaker, the speaker knowing that they occurred. In either way, being absolved is vital.

14. a) Define presumption: It is assuming something with arrogance. The secular, normal, modern acceptations of presumption do not normally include the arrogance factor. The Biblical usage involves arrogance and self-will.

Presumption and blasphemy are very close relatives.

14. b) Why must Yehovah restrain His slave from presumptuousnesses? This speaker must be unwillingly subject or vulnerable to presumptuousnesses affecting it.

Two views on this verse can easily accrue: one view is that the speaker is lacking self-control and needs Yehovah’s help to avoid presumptuousness; the other view is that the speaker has good self-control, but has little power over its environment, and the environment includes others who bring presumptuousnesses into the realm of the speaker. The first view doesn’t make sense. The second view is that the speaker is helpless in certain ways. Yet, the verse continues, “They shall not rule in me!” That makes it sound like the speaker does have a self-control problem. If the speaker is a location, however, the expression, “They shall not rule in me,” has a different flavour. If this is Mount Zion, “They shall not rule in me” is very literal, and that is how I must take it.

If these things are the case, Mount Zion’s problem isn’t enemies of Israel who are foreign to Israel, but enemies of Israel who are Israeli. They are the ones who will pursue secret things and presumptuousnesses, involving Mount Zion by location: that is, doing these plots on Mount Zion’s surface. Such Israelis are in the next quoted text:

Isaiah 28:14 Therefore, hearken-ye-to the saying of Yehovah, men of the scoff, the rulers of this people that is in Jerusalem! ¹⁵For ye said, “We cut a covenant with Death, and we made a vision with Sheol! The scourge is gushing! For he passed! He will not come-to us! For we placed a prevarication our shelter. And we were hidden in a lie!” ¹⁶Therefore so said my Lords Yehovah, “Behold, I am establishing a stone in Zion—a chosen stone, a corner, preciousness of a foundation—a foundation of the believer. He will not hasten! ¹⁷And I will place justice for a commandment and righteousness for a plummet. And hail shall sweep-away the shelter of the prevarication! And waters shall gush-away the hiding-place! ¹⁸And he shall cover your covenant with Death. And your vision with Sheol will not stand. The scourge gushes that will pass-over. And ye shall be to him for treading! ¹⁹From the time-of his passing-over, he will take you. For in the morning, in the morning he will pass-over, in the day and in the night. And it shall be only frustration to understand a report!”

These are Israeli bad guys. Mount Zion does not desire to be even passively participant in the evil plots and works of folks who have taken presumptuousnesses as their stands.

Mount Zion also will stop any presumptuous person from even coming up the mountain.

14. c) What won’t occur if they will not rule in the speaker? Those Israelis will not rule governmentally in Mount Zion.

14. d) How can the speaker then be perfect if no presumptuous ones will rule in the speaker? When all Israel has been freed from all presumptuous Israelis, Mount Zion will then be perfect because Yehovah will raise Mount Zion and will perfect her! This is before Mount Zion becomes big.

14. e) What is multiplied transgression? A transgression is a violation of a stated command. That violation can be on either side of the command’s border. For example, if the one commanded doesn’t do all the commandment, that is a transgression from within the border. If the person does more than the command, and thus, violates the command, that is a transgression outside the border.

For example, if the command is to refrain from lying, stealing, and bearing false witness, and one commanded steals, but doesn’t lie or bear false witness, the command was violated: the person did not reach the command’s scale. The person fell short. If the command is to refrain from lying, stealing, and bearing false witness, and the one commanded obeys all these three, and refuses to lie to an enemy who is using the truth to take an innocent person to kill, thinking that this is a righteous thing to do, that person has transgressed on the other side of the commandment, since the commandment was not given to aid a sinner in violence, but to maintain righteousness. (This is why I have no stock in Betsie ten Boom and her theology. She wrongly refused to lie to save innocent lives, caring more for her own view of what ‘God’ would think of her than for the lives of those she betrayed to the Natzis.)

A multiplied transgression is still one transgression, but many do it. This is referring to one transgression, since Yehovah in His Wisdom determined to keep it singular.

Whatever the multiplied transgression is, it must be a form of presumptuousness.

One particular transgression is mentioned in the Bible:

Psalms 109:3 Words of hatred surrounded me. And they causelessly warred me.

This will happen to Mount Zion, and this happened to Yeshua. Hatred without a cause will be the multiplied transgression, and will lead to many deaths of innocent folks.

14. f) How will the mountain be absolved from multiplied transgression? The wording of the text can be taken two different ways. One is that the mountain has been the violator, and has transgressed in a multiplied way. The other is that the mountain has been the scene of multiplied transgression, and therefore has been rendered unclean. The second makes more sense if the mountain is the speaker.

Yehovah’s way of absolving a location from transgression is through purging it. That is what He did to Sodom and its suburbs using fire. If the location refuses to permit transgressors from ascending its soil, that will stop transgression from it. Once the Israelis and their friends who are located on Mount Zion are all righteous, having themselves turned from transgression, the location, Mount Zion, will be freed from that. The reason I know this is true is Yehovah’s command to the Israelis regarding the land of Canaan. Yehovah commanded the Israelis to slaughter all humans, sheep, cattle and livestock, then to go and live in the homes of the Canaanites and use their fruit trees and soil for planting. Yehovah did not command the Israelis to burn the place down, but rather to occupy it and live in it.

14. g) What is the distinction between multiple transgressions and multiple transgression? The first indicates that there have been many transgressions, and they are not necessarily related to each other. The second indicates that there has been only one transgression, and that it has been done many times or by many persons. Leviticus 4 shows an example. Transgressors transgressed in the same way, slaughtering innocent ones. Thus, there is one transgression done by the hands of many.

15. a) What are sayings? A saying is what is said: it is a complete thought. The Bible is filled with Yehovah’s sayings. The word word is normally used instead of sayings, but this is wrong. The Hebrew language has a word for word, and it is used, albeit rarely.

Yehovah’s sayings fill the Torah. Other cultures and religions include sayings of their leaders or founders. The Bible had that from the beginning.

A proverb is exactly the same as a parable. It is a saying among many other sayings. The larger category is the saying. Different types of sayings include parables/proverbs, commands, warnings, prohibitions, observations, etc. Instead of speaking of the Word of God, usually this should be the Saying of God or the Speech of God. A speech is normally longer than a saying. A speech has many sayings. Knowing which one is used in a particular text is very important.

15. b) If the mountain is speaking, what is the mouth of the mountain? While this text doesn’t tell what part of the anatomy of a mountain is its mouth, other texts do. The soil can open its mouth and receive water. Therefore, the mountain can speak from any part of it. Its mouth is all over its surfaces. The same was true of Sodom; she spoke.

15. c) What will be the sayings of the mountain’s mouth (if the mountain is the speaker)? (This does not include what Israelis and others will say who are on the mountain.) This is actually an odd question, since we are handling a Psalm that we have proposed is a saying of the mountain. Yehovah has recorded it in the Bible. This, along with other texts quoting the mountain are the sayings of the mouth of the mountain. These sayings, infallibly recorded in Scriptures, will be to a desire before Yehovah.

15. d) Whose desire is this? Is it the desire of the mountain, of the Israelis, of Yehovah, or of some other entity? These sayings will be to Yehovah’s desire. He will receive them well and will do according to what the mountain is asking. Yehovah will desire the sayings of the mountain. This indicates that He will receive them well. If He didn’t desire them, that would indicate His rejection.

15. e) Does Yehovah have a very deep love for Mount Zion? Every textual indication supports this. He even will throw Israelis off and put them into slavery to protect the integrity of Mount Zion.

15. f) There is presently an Armenian monastery on Mount Zion. This form of ‘Christianity’ is pagan—that is, it doesn’t represent the God of Avraham, Isaac and Jacob. Why does Yehovah permit pagan practices on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, since they are His? They benefit the land; they keep briars down; they plant plants, and they do other things that are not violent on His land. He therefore has them occupy His land as caretakers. The only violence that He brings to the land of Israel is to underscore Israel’s not having a right to live there in peace until Israel is ready to do it on Yehovah’s terms. Yehovah keeps the Palestinians on His land to trouble the Israelis and to work the soil. They do two benefits. They work the soil and keep it, and they hassle the Israelis so that the Israelis cannot possibly enjoy peace without first making peace with Yehovah on His terms.

15. g) Is the mountain still speaking here? Yes.

15. h) How can a mountain meditate in its heart (mind)? Does a mountain have a mind? This mountain has a mind, and other texts refer to mountains and hills rejoicing. They can only rejoice if they have minds. If it has a mind, it can meditate. To meditate comes from a verb with the following acceptations according to Mr. Gesenius: to moan, growl, utter, muse, mutter, meditate, devise, plot, speak, groan, imagine. The word encompasses an internal communication that covers all emotions. A person sometimes fares much better having such internal communications since they can be ways to determine a good course and a correct outlook.

15. i) What is included in the idea of a meditation being to Yehovah’s faces? This means that meditations are visible to Yehovah. Thus, the mountain’s very thoughts are visible actions to Yehovah.

15. j) Can any other beings read minds? No. No other beings except Yehovah can read minds. Whoever can read a mind has complete power over that being whose mind is being read. That is why a mother watching a child has such power. She can’t read the child’s mind, but she can predict what the child will do with great accuracy. This gives the child the impression that she is a god.

Yehovah has not given demons the right, authority or power to read minds. If they could read minds, they could destroy the Jews. What they would do, in that case, is prove the infallibility of their ability to read minds, and they would gain followers by the droves. They also could coordinate humans together who have the same mindsets.

This is how it could work if a demon could read minds:

• The demon would read the mind with perfect accuracy.
• The demon would place the exact wording into the mind of another human—a person who is given to palm readings, etc.
• The person who quote exactly what the other is thinking at that moment, and would add other thoughts, thus directing that person to a determined result.
• Others who might try to stop that person from doing wrong would also be subject to mind reading. Thus, a policeman, say, who was about to stop a murderer would find that the murderer already knew that the policeman was coming, and could set a trap for the policeman and even for the entire S.W.A.T. team. Thus, violent criminals would always be informed so that they could avoid capture and arrest and so that they would know when their victims were not being guarded.
• Every violent action supported by the demon could also be protected by that demon by giving advanced warnings to the criminal.

15. k) Is there a text proving that Yehovah reads minds? This very Psalm says that in this very verse. The following text also teaches this:

2 Chronicles 6:30 And Thou wilt hearken from the heavens, the establishment of Thy sitting. And Thou wilt pardon. And Thou wilt give to a man as all his ways That Thou wilt know his heart. For Thou alone, Thou hast known the heart of the children of the Adam.

15. l) If one knows that the his or her meditation is straight in front of Yehovah’s faces, will that change the content of a person’s meditation? It could. Many would only increase their bitter meditations if they knew that. A few might refrain from plotting evil in their minds. A person who fears Yehovah will mourn and grieve for loss without fear that this reflects badly. Yeshua Himself groaned and grieved.

15. m) When will Mount Zion’s meditations, etc. be to Yehovah’s faces? They always have been. Yehovah reads the minds of all beings and creatures with minds. Yehovah loosed the tongue of Balaam’s ass because He knew what the ass was thinking, and he wanted the other type of ass to hear him.

15. n) Why would the mountain refer to Yehovah as a Rock?

• A mountain would naturally associate with a rock since a mountain has a foundation that is made of rock. If it didn’t, it would erode to flat land. A human will look at a being like a human as the human’s hero; a mountain will look at a rock!
• A rock is noted for its firmness, solidity, and stability if it is of great size and supported underneath with solid ground.
• A rock is also a good item for stopping projectiles. It is a natural safety zone against items that are shot at one on the rock. A rock, therefore, can be a natural fortress. Thus, it is a protection.
• Yeshua, in the form of a Rock, supplied water to the Israelis for 40 years. A mountain would appreciate a continuous water source since that would make for very good growth.

15. o) If the above is true, why would a mountain refer to Yehovah as a Redeemer? This word I have proposed as indicating rescuing by payment (rather than by force, covered by another word). Thus, this question becomes, When, how and why does Yehovah rescue this mountain by payment?

Psalms 74:2 Remember Thy witnessing-congregation Thou didst purchase long ago. Thou didst redeem the tribe/rod—Thine inheritance, this Mount Zion in which Thou didst dwell.

Isaiah 59:20 “And a Redeemer shall come to Zion and to turners of transgression in Jacob,” declares Yehovah.

The above Isaiah text gives a clue. Mount Zion knows that Yehovah is the Redeemer Who will come to Zion. Thus, Mount Zion would naturally call Him ‘Redeemer.’ This does not explain the expression, ‘my Redeemer.’ If the people being redeemed belong to mountain as the mountain’s property, He is the Redeemer of the people and thus of the mountain.

I will provide what I consider a proof that redeeming the Israelis is akin to redeeming the mountain that owns the Israelis. The Bible records the following:

Hebrews 7:5 And verily they that are of the sons of Levi who receive the office of the priesthood have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law—that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham. ⁶But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham and blessed him that had the promises. ⁷And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better. ⁸And here men that die receive tithes, but there he of whom it is witnessed that he lives. ⁹And as I may so say, Levi also who receives tithes payed tithes in Abraham. ¹⁰For he was yet in the loins of his father when Melchisedec met him.

Thus, the unborn are considered having paid tithes because they were still in the loins of their ancestors when this occurred. In the same manner, redeeming one who is owned is redeeming the owner. Thus, redeeming the Israelis owned and Mothered by Mount Zion is redeeming Mount Zion.

Micah 4:10 Be in pain and labour to bring forth, Daughter Zion, like a woman in travail. For thou shalt now go forth out of the city. And thou shalt dwell in the field. And thou shalt go to Babylon. Thou shalt be delivered there. Yehovah shall redeem thee there from the hand of thine enemies.

When the inhabitants of a location are captured and taken from that location to another location, the Biblical usage of language is of a nature that the first location goes to the second location. Thus, if the inhabitants of Mount Zion are captured and taken to Babylon, Mount Zion is taken to Babylon. This is also a vital part of a reader’s understanding in the following text:

Ezekiel 28:14 Thou art the anointed cherub that covers. And I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of God; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire.

This text speaks of the city of Babylon! Yet it was upon the holy mountain of God. This was accomplished by occupation. Thus, it is said that Washington is visiting Moscow if the President of the United States goes to the Kremlin. The Bible speaks the same way.

Thus, redeeming the inhabitants of Mount Zion so that they can return to Mount Zion is also redeeming Zion.